This is a single-marker test measuring the concentration of p-Tau181 protein in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Elevated levels of p-Tau181 are associated with tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, and can be used to differentiate Alzheimer's from other neurodegenerative conditions. This biomarker is particularly valuable for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating response to therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.