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Bifidobacterium longum
Bifidobacterium longum offers a wide range of health benefits, making it a valuable probiotic for various health conditions.
It plays a significant role in cardiometabolic health by reducing cholesterol and inflammation and improving glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, particularly in the context of high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders.
Additionally, B. longum alleviates chronic inflammation by regulating immune responses, enhancing antioxidant activity, and improving intestinal barrier function, making it a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
It also enhances immune support, particularly in infants, by reducing systemic inflammation and promoting a balanced immune environment.
B. longum has been shown to reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), protect against gluten-related immunopathology, and lower cholesterol levels through bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol metabolism.
In cancer therapy, B. longum exhibits significant anticancer effects and shows promise as a vector for cancer gene therapy.
Overall, targeting gut microbiota to enhance B. longum can mitigate the adverse effects of high-fat diets and prevent metabolic diseases, offering therapeutic benefits for a range of health conditions.
General Health Benefits of Bifidobacteria Spp.
Increasingly, the benefits of Bifidobacteria for gut and overall health are demonstrated in research. While specific strains are mentioned here, many of these benefits are widely attributed to Bifidobacteria as a genus.
These benefits include preventing diarrhea, improving lactose intolerance, and enhancing immune modulation. [33.]
They are effective in promoting colon regularity and alleviating constipation, while also preventing oral inflammations and dental caries. [6., 27.]
Bifidobacteria compete with pathogens, protecting against infections and inhibiting virus replication, such as Coxsackievirus B3 and rotavirus. [3., 6., 7., 8., 33.]
They show anticancer properties by enhancing immune response, inhibiting cancer cell growth, and altering gut conditions to prevent tumors. [6.]
Additionally, Bifidobacteria boost immune responses, increase beneficial antibodies, and promote regulatory T cells, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects and immune balance. [6., 11.]
They also act as psychobiotics, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, and play a role in synthesizing gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is particularly beneficial for individuals with autism. [2., 6., 9., 19., 24., 35., 36., 39.]
Moreover, Bifidobacteria facilitate the absorption of vitamins and minerals, promote bone density and repair, and enhance metabolic health by reducing fat accumulation and improving glucose tolerance. [1., 4., 6., 22., 28., 30., 33., 34.]
These findings underscore Bifidobacteria's potential as a therapeutic agent for various health conditions.
Health Benefits of Bifidobacterium longum
Cardiometabolic Health
Bifidobacterium longum has significant health benefits, notably in reducing cholesterol and inflammation. [21.]
Microbiome analysis revealed that BCBL-583 administration altered gut microbiota composition, suggesting its potential in promoting gut health, reducing obesity, and mitigating inflammation. [21.]
Recent research highlights its beneficial effects in countering high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders.
In mice, increasing gut content of B. longum through prebiotic oligofructose (OFS) supplementation restored bifidobacterial levels, normalized endotoxaemia, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. [5.]
High-fat feeding reduced intestinal B. longum levels and increased endotoxin levels, contributing to inflammation and metabolic diseases. [5.]
By restoring bifidobacterial levels, OFS reduced endotoxaemia and inflammation, improving glucose metabolism and reducing fat mass.
B. longum also plays a significant role in gut health, particularly in metabolic syndrome (MetS). [13.]
Long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet increased the abundance of B. longum and other beneficial bacteria in MetS patients, suggesting this diet can aid in managing MetS symptoms. [13.]
Reducing Inflammation
B. longum can alleviate colitis in mice, making it a potential alternative or adjunct therapy for IBD. [40.] It reduces chronic inflammation by regulating immune responses, enhancing antioxidant activity, and modulating gut microbiota. [40.]
B. longum decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and improves intestinal barrier function by increasing tight junction proteins. [40.]
Clinical trials indicate its effectiveness in improving IBD symptoms, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
Immune Support and Development
B. longum subsp. infantis M-63 enhances gut microbiota, reduces stool pH, increases acetic acid and IgA levels, and decreases defecation frequency in infants without adverse effects. [16.]
It utilizes human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to reduce systemic inflammation and regulate immune responses, promoting a balanced immune environment. [14.]
This presence correlates with lower risks of allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. [26.]
Bifidobacterium longum Probiotic Uses
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
B. longum 35624® significantly reduced IBS symptoms, demonstrating high tolerability and minimal adverse effects. [23.]
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
B. longum shows promising effects in protecting against IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). [YAO] Synbiotic therapy combining B. longum and prebiotic Synergy 1 reduces inflammation and promotes epithelial regeneration in UC patients. [12.]
Celiac Disease
B. longum NCC2705 prevents gluten-related immunopathology in mice through its serine protease inhibitor (Srp), suggesting potential therapeutic applications for managing gluten-related disorders. [43.]
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
B. longum subsp. infantis reduces the incidence and severity of NEC in preterm infants, attenuates gut inflammation, and improves intestinal barrier function. [37., 38.]
Hypercholesterolemia
B. longum strains exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects by deconjugating bile salts and altering cholesterol metabolism-related gene expressions. [20.]
Cancer Therapy
B. longum D42 exhibits significant anticancer effects on HT-29 human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and increasing ROS levels. [42.] It also demonstrates selective localization and growth in hypoxic tumors, making it a promising vector for cancer gene therapy. [41.]
These findings highlight B. longum's potential in mitigating adverse effects of high-fat diets, preventing metabolic diseases, and providing therapeutic benefits for various health conditions.
Laboratory Testing for Bifidobacterium Levels
Test Type, Sample Collection and Preparation
Bifidobacterium levels are assessed in stool samples. Stool samples may be collected from the comfort of home.
Testing may require avoidance of certain medications and/or supplements including probiotics prior to sample collection. It is important to consult with the ordering provider for full test preparation instructions.
Interpretation of Test Results
Optimal Levels of Bifidobacterium longum
It is important to consult with the laboratory company used for test interpretation.
One lab company provides the following reference range for Bifidobacterium longum, described as a percentage of total microbiome presence. They state that the average amount of B. longum present in the microbiome is 0.499%. [32.]
Clinical Implications of High Bifidobacterium spp.
High levels of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome are generally associated with a healthy state and favorable metabolic outcomes.
In the setting of symptoms of dysbiosis or SIBO such as gas, bloating, and/or abdominal pain, further assessment and possible treatments should be considered.
Patients in this scenario who are using probiotics should consider stopping their probiotics.
In rare clinical settings involving either the very young or the very elderly who also have impaired intestinal barriers and/or are immunocompromised, Bifidobacterium may become invasive and cause bacteremia. [10.]
Low Bifidobacterium Abundance
Generally, Bifidobacterium are considered to be beneficial. Low levels of Bifidobacterium have been associated with:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) [15.]
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including: [15.]
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea [15.]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns [6.]
- Atopic eczema [15.]
- Certain types of infections, including H. pylori and C. dificile infections [15.]
- Conditions associated with dysbiosis (imbalance in gut microbiota) [25.]
- Obesity and metabolic disorders [6.]
- Colorectal cancer [6.]
- Allergies and asthma [15.]
- Mood disorders and depression [6.]
- Autism spectrum disorders [24.]
Therefore, maintaining a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome is generally considered a favorable state, associated with better metabolic health, a lean phenotype, and a lower risk of inflammatory conditions like IBD.
Monitoring Bifidobacterium levels may have clinical significance in assessing gut health, disease risk, and potential therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring a balanced microbiome.
Natural Ways to Optimize Microbiome Health [17.]
A healthy diet and lifestyle are foundational for microbiome health.
Diet and Nutrition
- Consume Diverse Foods: increase the variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes to promote microbial diversity.
- High-Fiber Diet: focus on fiber-rich foods to support the growth of beneficial bacteria.
- Fermented Foods: include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and other fermented foods to introduce probiotics.
- Polyphenol-Rich Foods: consume foods high in polyphenols such as berries, green tea, dark chocolate, and red wine to stimulate beneficial bacteria growth.
- Prebiotics: incorporate prebiotic-rich foods like garlic, onions, asparagus, and bananas to nourish beneficial bacteria.
Lifestyle
- Regular Exercise: engage in consistent physical activity to enhance gut microbiota diversity and composition.
- Stress Management: practice stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness to prevent microbiota dysbiosis.
Medications and Supplements
- Probiotics: consider probiotic supplements to increase beneficial bacteria in the gut.
- Avoid Unnecessary Antibiotics: use antibiotics only when necessary to avoid disrupting the gut microbiome.
Environmental Factors
- Limit Artificial Sweeteners: avoid artificial sweeteners that can negatively affect gut microbiota.
- Healthy Sleep Patterns: maintain regular sleep patterns to support a balanced gut microbiome.
Hygiene Practices
- Avoid Over-Sanitization: limit the use of antibacterial soaps and sanitizers to maintain a healthy microbiota balance.
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Bifidobacterium longum
