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Bifidobacterium bifidum
Bifidobacterium bifidum, a prominent member of the gut microbiota, offers extensive health benefits throughout the human lifespan.
Known for preventing diarrhea, improving lactose intolerance, and enhancing immune modulation, B. bifidum also supports colon regularity and oral health.
Its role in reinforcing the intestinal barrier and regulating immune responses makes it valuable for managing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders.
Additionally, B. bifidum aids in vitamin and mineral absorption, promoting overall metabolic health and potentially reducing inflammation and tumor growth.
General Health Benefits of Bifidobacteria spp.
Many of the general health benefits of Bifidobacteria spp. are also seen in its members, including B. animalis. Below are the health benefits generally attributed to Bifidobacteria spp. members:
Bifidobacteria prevent diarrhea, improve lactose intolerance, and enhance immune modulation [43].
They promote colon regularity, alleviate constipation, and prevent oral inflammations and dental caries. [7., 29.]
Bifidobacteria spp. compete with pathogens, inhibiting infections and virus replication. [5., 6., 7., 9., 43.]
Bifidobacteria also enhance immune responses, increase beneficial antibodies, and promote regulatory T cells for anti-inflammatory effects. [7., 12.]
They exhibit anticancer properties by boosting immune response and altering gut conditions [6].
They act as psychobiotics, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, and play a role in synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is beneficial in autism. [3., 7., 10., 18., 26., 48., 49., 52.]
Additionally, they facilitate vitamin and mineral absorption, promote bone density, and improve metabolic health by reducing fat accumulation and improving glucose tolerance [2., 6., 7., 36., 43., 46.]
Health Benefits of Bifidobacterium bifidum
Health Across the Human Lifespan [4.]
Bifidobacterium bifidum, a significant gut microbiota component, supports health throughout life.
Dominant in infants, it decreases with age.
It stimulates the immune system, provides anti-inflammatory effects, and maintains gut health.
Changes in its abundance are linked with diseases like obesity, allergies, and gut disorders.
Probiotic supplementation can improve health outcomes in the elderly.
Digestive Health
B. bifidum is among the first microbes to colonize the gut, metabolizing human milk oligosaccharides in infants and shifting to mucin degradation post-weaning. [29., 50]
Its mucin-degrading ability enhances gut health by reinforcing the mucus barrier. [50.]
Immune System Support
B. bifidum has genetic features that interact with the immune system. [50.] It increases IgA and IgM synthesis in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, enhancing total IgA production. [33.]
In BALB/c mice, Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 reduced IgE levels and Th1/Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential for IgE-dependent allergic disease prophylaxis. [31.]
B. bifidum promotes regulatory T cells (Tregs), enhances intestinal barrier function, and influences dendritic cell and macrophage activity. [14.]
It can dampen inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis, contributing to disease prevention and treatment. [14.]
Different strains promote IL-17 and Treg cells, balancing immune responses for mucosal defense and immune tolerance. [25.]
B. bifidum modulates inflammation in enteric glial cells by regulating key inflammatory markers. [54.] It shows promise in cancer therapy by enhancing the efficacy of treatments like PD-1 blockade and oxaliplatin. [24.]
Higher abundance of B. bifidum correlates with improved immune responses and reduced tumor burden in mice.
Gut Microbiota Balance
B. bifidum intake for four weeks significantly altered the intestinal microbiome of healthy adults, decreasing Prevotellaceae and increasing Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae. [13.]
B. bifidum MIMBb75 transiently colonizes the murine intestine, influencing resident microbiota by decreasing Clostridium coccoides and increasing bifidobacteria. [45.]
Bifidobacterium bifidum as a Probiotic
B. bifidum offers numerous health benefits and is studied for its use in various conditions:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
B. bifidum helps modulate symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. A study showed significant improvements in gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms in FGID patients consuming fermented milk with B. bifidum YIT 10347. [51.]
Irritable Bowel Disease
B. bifidum S17 reduced inflammation in chemically-induced colitis in mice, indicating potential for IBD treatment. [37.]]
B. bifidum BGN4 modulates immune responses, potentially preventing IBD by inhibiting T cell activation. [22.] It also protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats by reducing apoptosis in intestinal epithelium. [20.]
Acute Diarrhea
B. bifidum (Infloran®) effectively treats acute diarrhea in children, reducing duration and stool frequency. [39.]
Combined with Streptococcus thermophilus, it prevents acute diarrhea and reduces rotavirus shedding in infants. [41.]
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
B. bifidum helps prevent NAFLD by modulating gut microbiota and regulating FXR expression, reducing body weight, insulin resistance, and liver lipid deposition in mice. [28.]
Metabolic Syndrome, Hyperlipidemia, and Diabetes
B. bifidum improves insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, suggesting benefits for cardiometabolic profiles. [42.]
In overweight T2DM patients with coronary heart disease, synbiotic supplementation including B. bifidum improved insulin metabolism and HDL-cholesterol levels. [47.]
In diabetic rats, B. bifidum and Lactobacillus casei improved hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. [44.]
In pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), probiotic supplementation with B. bifidum improved glycemic control and lipid profiles. [1., 19.]
Eczema
A probiotic mix containing B. bifidum reduced eczema prevalence and incidence in infants at high risk of allergies. [22.]
Dietary Sources and Supplementation of Bifidobacterium bifidum
B. bifidum can be obtained from fermented dairy products like yogurt and kefir, and from probiotic supplements. Consuming prebiotic foods such as garlic, onions, and bananas supports B. bifidum growth in the gut.
Laboratory Testing for Bifidobacterium Levels
Test Type, Sample Collection and Preparation
Bifidobacterium bifidum levels are assessed in stool samples. Stool samples may be collected from the comfort of home.
Testing may require avoidance of certain medications and/or supplements including probiotics prior to sample collection. It is important to consult with the ordering provider for full test preparation instructions.
Interpretation of Test Results
Optimal Levels of Bifidobacterium spp.
It is important to consult with the laboratory company used for test interpretation.
B. bifidum levels are often reported as part of the total Bifidobacteria spp. present.
One lab company provides the following reference range for Bifidobacterium spp. levels: 6.7e7org/g [40.]
Clinical Implications of High Bifidobacterium spp.
High levels of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome are generally associated with a healthy state and favorable metabolic outcomes.
In the setting of symptoms of dysbiosis or SIBO such as gas, bloating, and/or abdominal pain, further assessment and possible treatments should be considered.
Patients in this scenario who are using probiotics should consider stopping their probiotics.
In rare clinical settings involving either the very young or the very elderly who also have impaired intestinal barriers and/or are immunocompromised, Bifidobacterium may become invasive and cause bacteremia. [11.]
Low Bifidobacterium Abundance
Generally, Bifidobacterium are considered to be beneficial. Low levels of Bifidobacterium have been associated with:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) [15.]
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including: [15.]
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea [15.]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns [7.]
- Atopic eczema [15.]
- Certain types of infections, including H. pylori and C. dificile infections [15.]
- Conditions associated with dysbiosis (imbalance in gut microbiota) [27.]
- Obesity and metabolic disorders [7.]
- Colorectal cancer [7.]
- Allergies and asthma [15.]
- Mood disorders and depression [7.]
- Autism spectrum disorders [26.]
Therefore, maintaining a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome is generally considered a favorable state, associated with better metabolic health, a lean phenotype, and a lower risk of inflammatory conditions like IBD.
Monitoring Bifidobacterium levels may have clinical significance in assessing gut health, disease risk, and potential therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring a balanced microbiome.
Natural Ways to Optimize Microbiome Health [16.]
A healthy diet and lifestyle are foundational for microbiome health.
Diet and Nutrition
- Consume Diverse Foods: increase the variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes to promote microbial diversity.
- High-Fiber Diet: focus on fiber-rich foods to support the growth of beneficial bacteria.
- Fermented Foods: include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and other fermented foods to introduce probiotics.
- Polyphenol-Rich Foods: consume foods high in polyphenols such as berries, green tea, dark chocolate, and red wine to stimulate beneficial bacteria growth.
- Prebiotics: incorporate prebiotic-rich foods like garlic, onions, asparagus, and bananas to nourish beneficial bacteria.
Lifestyle
- Regular Exercise: engage in consistent physical activity to enhance gut microbiota diversity and composition.
- Stress Management: practice stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness to prevent microbiota dysbiosis.
Medications and Supplements
- Probiotics: consider probiotic supplements to increase beneficial bacteria in the gut.
- Avoid Unnecessary Antibiotics: use antibiotics only when necessary to avoid disrupting the gut microbiome.
Environmental Factors
- Limit Artificial Sweeteners: avoid artificial sweeteners that can negatively affect gut microbiota.
- Healthy Sleep Patterns: maintain regular sleep patterns to support a balanced gut microbiome.
Hygiene Practices
- Avoid Over-Sanitization: limit the use of antibacterial soaps and sanitizers to maintain a healthy microbiota balance.
Order Bifidobacterium spp. Testing
Click here to compare testing options and order tests to assess Bifidobacterium spp. levels.
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Test for
Bifidobacterium bifidum
