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Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium animalis and its subspecies, B. animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis), are key probiotics with significant health benefits.
Initially classified as separate species, they are now recognized as one species with two subspecies.
Many of the health benefits attributed to B. animalis are due to the well-known health benefits of Bifidobacterium species as a group, as well as the extensive research on B. animalis subsp. lactis supporting its role in gut health, immune modulation, and various therapeutic applications.
Because of its many recognized health benefits, B. animalis is a prominent probiotic in health supplements and functional foods.
What is the Difference Between B. animalis and B. animalis subspecies lactis? [22., 24., 37.]
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, also known as Bifidobacterium lactis, is a subspecies of B. animalis.
Originally classified as two distinct species (B. animalis and B. lactis), they are now recognized as one species with two subspecies: B. animalis subsp. animalis and B. animalis subsp. lactis.
B. lactis exhibits higher oxygen tolerance and can grow in milk-based media, unlike B. animalis. [24.]
While B. animalis is recognized as a beneficial probiotic for human health, much more research is available on the health effects of B. animalis subsp. lactis than is available on B. animalis subsp. animalis.
For this reason, some of the research provided here includes information about B. animalis subsp. lactis as well as research on the parent B. animalis, and it is labeled accordingly.
General Health Benefits of Bifidobacteria spp.
Many of the general health benefits of Bifidobacteria spp. are also seen in its members, including B. animalis. Below are the health benefits generally attributed to Bifidobacteria spp. members:
Bifidobacteria prevent diarrhea, improve lactose intolerance, and enhance immune modulation [36].
They promote colon regularity, alleviate constipation, and prevent oral inflammations and dental caries [6., 36].
Bifidobacteria spp. compete with pathogens, inhibiting infections and virus replication [3., 6., 8., 11., 36.].
Bifidobacteria also enhance immune responses, increase beneficial antibodies, and promote regulatory T cells for anti-inflammatory effects [6., 16.].
They exhibit anticancer properties by boosting immune response and altering gut conditions [6].
They act as psychobiotics, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, and play a role in synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is beneficial in autism [2., 6., 13., 21., 28., 39., 40., 42.].
Additionally, they facilitate vitamin and mineral absorption, promote bone density, and improve metabolic health by reducing fat accumulation and improving glucose tolerance [1., 4., 7., 23., 30., 32., 38.].
Health Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium animalis is known for promoting gut health, producing acetate and lactate to inhibit harmful bacteria. [28.]
B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supports intestinal barrier function, enhances immune defense, reduces diarrhea, and improves bowel movements in constipation. [7.]
B. animalis and B. animalis subsp. lactis have also been shown to interact with human immune cells to restore immune responses and intestinal barriers in chronic inflammation models and exhibit immunomodulatory effects in food allergy and obesity models. [34.]
It maintains balanced gut microbiota, especially in the elderly [7.], shows high tolerance to digestive conditions, and positively impacts gut-brain axis and serotonin signaling. [7.]
B. animalis treats functional constipation, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and IBS [17.] while playing a role in immune modulation and maintaining gut microbiota balance. [17]
In piglets, B. animalis enhances growth, reduces diarrhea, boosts antioxidants, and supports intestinal development. [29.]
Benefits of the Bifidobacterium animalis Probiotic
Irritable Bowel Disease
B. animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 mitigates ulcerative colitis by reducing colon inflammation and improving colonic tissue. [14.]
Combining B. lactis with xyloglucan as an intracolonic administration shows promise in severe ulcerative colitis treatment. [5.]
Functional Constipation and IBS-C
B. animalis DN-173 010 shortens colonic transit time and improves stool consistency. [9.]
B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 improves bowel movement frequency and decreases straining. [19.]
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
B. animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 is effective against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, reducing intestinal pathology and enhancing recovery. [43.]
Celiac Disease
Bifidobacterium, including B. animalis, may protect against intestinal damage due to celiac disease. [10.]
Infant Digestive Upset and Colic
B. animalis subsp. lactis has been researched for its beneficial effects on infant digestive disturbances including colic. [27.]
Respiratory Infections
B. animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 reduces influenza A viral load and enhances immune response, potentially benefiting respiratory infections and COVID-19. [12., 44.]
Metabolic Syndrome
B. animalis subsp. lactis combats metabolic syndrome by enhancing gut barrier integrity, promoting beneficial bacteria growth, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, influencing energy metabolism and appetite regulation, and improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. [41.]
These actions address inflammation, gut health, and promote metabolic regulation. [41.]
Laboratory Testing for Bifidobacterium animalis Levels
Test Type, Sample Collection and Preparation
Bifidobacterium animalis levels are assessed in stool samples. Stool samples may be collected from the comfort of home.
Testing may require avoidance of certain medications and/or supplements including probiotics prior to sample collection. It is important to consult with the ordering provider for full test preparation instructions.
Interpretation of Test Results
Optimal Levels of Bifidobacterium animalis
It is important to consult with the laboratory company used for test interpretation.
B. animalis levels are often reported as part of the total Bifidobacteria spp. present.
One lab company provides the following reference range for Bifidobacterium spp. levels: 6.7e7org/g [35.]
Clinical Implications of High Bifidobacterium spp.
High levels of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome are generally associated with a healthy state and favorable metabolic outcomes.
In the setting of symptoms of dysbiosis or SIBO such as gas, bloating, and/or abdominal pain, further assessment and possible treatments should be considered.
Patients in this scenario who are using probiotics should consider stopping their probiotics.
In rare clinical settings involving either the very young or the very elderly who also have impaired intestinal barriers and/or are immunocompromised, Bifidobacterium may become invasive and cause bacteremia. [15.]
Low Bifidobacterium Abundance
Generally, Bifidobacterium are considered to be beneficial. Low levels of Bifidobacterium have been associated with:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) [17.]
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including: [17.]
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea [17.]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns [6.]
- Atopic eczema [17.]
- Certain types of infections, including H. pylori and C. dificile infections [17.]
- Conditions associated with dysbiosis (imbalance in gut microbiota) [26.]
- Obesity and metabolic disorders [6.]
- Colorectal cancer [6.]
- Allergies and asthma [17.]
- Mood disorders and depression [6.]
- Autism spectrum disorders [25.]
Therefore, maintaining a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome is generally considered a favorable state, associated with better metabolic health, a lean phenotype, and a lower risk of inflammatory conditions like IBD.
Monitoring Bifidobacterium levels may have clinical significance in assessing gut health, disease risk, and potential therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring a balanced microbiome.
Natural Ways to Optimize Microbiome Health [18.]
A healthy diet and lifestyle are foundational for microbiome health.
Diet and Nutrition
- Consume Diverse Foods: increase the variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes to promote microbial diversity.
- High-Fiber Diet: focus on fiber-rich foods to support the growth of beneficial bacteria.
- Fermented Foods: include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and other fermented foods to introduce probiotics.
- Polyphenol-Rich Foods: consume foods high in polyphenols such as berries, green tea, dark chocolate, and red wine to stimulate beneficial bacteria growth.
- Prebiotics: incorporate prebiotic-rich foods like garlic, onions, asparagus, and bananas to nourish beneficial bacteria.
Lifestyle
- Regular Exercise: engage in consistent physical activity to enhance gut microbiota diversity and composition.
- Stress Management: practice stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness to prevent microbiota dysbiosis.
Medications and Supplements
- Probiotics: consider probiotic supplements to increase beneficial bacteria in the gut.
- Avoid Unnecessary Antibiotics: use antibiotics only when necessary to avoid disrupting the gut microbiome.
Environmental Factors
- Limit Artificial Sweeteners: avoid artificial sweeteners that can negatively affect gut microbiota.
- Healthy Sleep Patterns: maintain regular sleep patterns to support a balanced gut microbiome.
Hygiene Practices
- Avoid Over-Sanitization: limit the use of antibacterial soaps and sanitizers to maintain a healthy microbiota balance.
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