What is Functional Neurology?

Functional neurology is a branch of healthcare that focuses on optimizing the function of the nervous system, encompassing the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It's based on the principle that the nervous system can heal and regenerate and seeks to enhance its function by identifying and addressing underlying neurological imbalances.

Functional neurology practitioners are trained to evaluate and treat a wide range of neurological conditions, including but not limited to brain Injuries, vestibular disorders, developmental challenges, movement disorders, degenerative disorders, or other unknown conditions. They use various diagnostic tools, including thorough patient history, physical examination, and specialized testing, such as eye movements and sensory testing, to identify areas of dysfunction in the nervous system.

One unique aspect of functional neurology is its emphasis on neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life. By understanding the principles of neuroplasticity, functional neurology practitioners are able to create targeted treatment plans to help patients recover from neurological injury or illness and optimize their overall neurological function.

Functional neurology has gained popularity in recent years as more research highlights the importance of the nervous system in overall health and wellness. As a result, some people are turning to functional neurology as a complementary or integrative approach to traditional medical care for neurological conditions. This article will discuss what functional neurology is, how functional neurologists can help, when to consider a functional neurologist, and how to find a qualified functional neurologist.

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What is Functional Neurology?

Functional neurology is a subspecialty within chiropractic medicine that focuses on the nervous system's function and how it relates to overall health. It developed as an alternative approach to traditional medicine, as chiropractors do not use pharmaceuticals or surgery as therapeutic options. Instead, functional neurologists use spinal and extremity manipulations to send afferent input (a signal) to specific areas of the brain, taking advantage of proprioception, one of the primary inputs to the brain. Proprioception is crucial in maintaining balance and spatial awareness and preventing falls, which is a leading cause of accidental human death.

Chiropractic functional neurology uses the central integrated state theory principles developed by Sir Charles Sherrington. This Nobel Prize-winning theory describes how the nervous system's ability to "fire" is the sum of all its activating and inhibiting inputs. The nervous system relies on the communication between various visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and cortical integrations. Functional lesions are abnormalities in the nervous system with no organic pathology, making them amenable to improvement through chiropractic functional neurology.

It was once believed that the nervous system was fixed after childhood, meaning it could not be changed after a certain age. Now we know that it is capable of remarkable change. The brain and nervous system can be shaped or changed by sensory, motor, or cognitive experiences through temporal- and spatial-summative neural activation to rewire and reprogram the nervous system. Nerve cells can grow new connections to different neurons and use neuronal migration to extend to more distant areas. This is why "practice makes perfect" is how humans learn new skills.

Neurological Diseases Treated By Functional Neurologists

Functional neurology can be used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the nervous system. Patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple system atrophy can benefit from functional neurology. Demyelinating conditions like Multiple Sclerosis, transverse myelitis, and leukodystrophies can also be treated using this approach.

Patients with traumatic brain injuries, including concussions and whiplash, may find relief through functional neurology. Vestibular conditions such as motion sickness, dizziness, and Menieres disease, as well as movement disorders like tics, restless leg syndrome, and dystonia, can also be treated using functional neurology.

Children with neuro-developmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and dyslexia may also benefit from this type of care. Patients suffering from nerve disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, and Bell's palsy may also find relief through functional neurology.

Cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and TIA can be treated using functional neurology, as well as chronic musculoskeletal pain affecting the arm, leg, back, hip, knee, or feet. Patients suffering from headaches and pain syndromes such as cluster headaches, complex regional pain syndrome, migraines, and fibromyalgia may also find relief.

Finally, functional neurological disorders, which cause physical, sensory, and cognitive symptoms without an identifiable organic cause, can also be addressed through functional neurology.

Functional neurology is a safe and effective treatment option for patients of all ages, including children.

When To See a Functional Neurologist

Functional Neurology is an alternative approach to traditional neurology that aims to optimize the functioning of the nervous system instead of just looking for the absence or presence of neurological diseases. If you're experiencing neurological symptoms like paralysis, seizures, pain, neuropathy, and more, and your doctor cannot pinpoint the organic cause of your symptoms, it may be time to see a functional neurologist.

During your visit, the functional neurologist will take a thorough case history and perform a non-invasive examination. The treatment plan is specific to the patient's current health and may include assessing copies of blood tests, x-rays, MRIs, or other tests.

The practitioner will observe all aspects of the patient during the examination, including eye movement, posture, the presence or absence of tics, and more, as these are all indications of how the nervous system is functioning. Additionally, blood pressure, pulse, and reflexes may also be assessed. During the thorough examination, care is individualized to ensure that the patient's anxiety levels are not provoked.

If you're experiencing neurological symptoms that traditional neurology cannot explain, functional neurology may be a viable alternative to help optimize the functioning of your nervous system.

Common Neurologic Functional Medicine Labs

Outside of conventional assessments such as a physical exam, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and video-nystagmography (VNG), to detect or exclude any severe pathologies that may be present, functional neurology may also incorporate blind spot mapping (a functional eye exam). In functional neurology, blind spot mapping is used to identify physiological lesions that may be affecting a patient's nervous system.

Functional neurology also involves a holistic approach that considers the role of biochemistry and nutrition in neurological health. Practitioners may use functional lab testing to identify potential toxins, infections, or other factors like nutrients that could impact neurons. Then, this information is used to develop a personalized treatment plan that may include dietary modifications and nutritional supplements to support optimal neural function. Here are some labs to consider:

Hair Elements

A hair elements test is a useful tool in functional neurology to assess for toxicity. Hair samples can reveal information about toxic elements and heavy metals that may be present in the body, which can impact neurological function.

Infections Assessment

Checking for infections is crucial as they can negatively impact the nervous system. Labs such as blood and stool tests can help identify underlying infections that may be contributing to neurological symptoms.

Nutrient Deficiency

Checking for nutrients is essential in functional neurology as it can help identify any deficiencies or imbalances that may be affecting the nervous system and impacting overall neurological function. Proper nutrition is crucial for optimal brain and nervous system health.

Treatment aims to maximize brain and nervous system health, improve neurological processing, and enhance communication between the body and the brain. Treatment plans are tailored to each patient's needs and are adjusted based on their progress from visit to visit.

Do Functional Neurologists Take Insurance?

While functional neurologists are chiropractors, they differ from traditional chiropractors in their focus on neurological function rather than just musculoskeletal issues. They use a range of diagnostic tools and techniques, including neurological exams, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, to assess the function of the nervous system and determine the underlying cause of a patient's symptoms. Treatment may involve a combination of chiropractic adjustments, exercises, nutritional support, and other therapies, all tailored to the patient's individual needs.

As for insurance coverage, this can vary depending on the individual practitioner and the specific insurance plan. Some functional neurologists may accept insurance, while others may not. It's important to check with the practitioner's office and your insurance provider to determine what coverage is available. Some insurance plans require a referral from a primary care physician or pre-authorization for certain treatments, so it's important to understand your plan's policies before seeking treatment. Additionally, some patients may choose to pay for functional neurology treatment out-of-pocket if it is not covered by insurance.

Where To Find A Functional Neurologist

Finding a certified functional neurologist may seem daunting, but several resources are available to help you locate a qualified practitioner.

One way to start your search is to visit the American College of Functional Neurology® (ACFN) website, which provides a directory of certified functional neurologists. You can search for practitioners by location or name, and the directory provides information on each practitioner's credentials, including their educational background, certification status, and areas of expertise.

Other resources to consider are the International Association of Functional Neurology and Rehabilitation (IAFNR) and the American Chiropractic Neurology Board (ACNB). These organizations also provide a directory of practitioners who have completed their certification. You can search for practitioners by location or specialty, and the directory provides contact information for each practitioner, as well as details on their qualifications and training.

It may also be helpful to ask for recommendations from your primary care physician or other healthcare providers. They can possibly refer you to a functional neurologist in your area who has a good reputation and a track record of success.

When selecting a functional neurologist, verifying their credentials and asking about their experience treating patients with your specific condition is important. You should also check with your insurance provider to see if they cover functional neurology services and if the practitioner you're considering is in-network.

Summary

Functional neurology aims to diagnose and treat neurological disorders and dysfunctions by assessing and optimizing the function of the nervous system. It takes a holistic approach to patient care and focuses on the underlying causes of neurological problems rather than simply treating symptoms. Functional neurologists use a variety of techniques to assess the nervous system, including neurological exams, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment may involve a combination of manual therapies, sensory stimulation, and nutritional and lifestyle changes. Functional neurology can be particularly helpful for patients with chronic conditions, such as concussion, traumatic brain injury, multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. The goal of functional neurology is to optimize the function of the nervous system, improve neurological processing, and enhance communication within the brain and also between the brain and the rest of the body.

By addressing underlying factors that may be contributing to neurological dysfunction, functional neurologists can help patients achieve optimal neurological function and improve their quality of life.