Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Hyperthyroidism: Do They Work?

Living with hyperthyroidism can feel challenging, as symptoms like anxiety, a racing heart, and sudden weight loss may affect daily life. If you've been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, you may feel uncertain about your treatment options.

While conventional treatments are essential, you may also be interested in natural, complementary ways to support your well-being. Many people look into therapies like herbal remedies or stress-relief techniques as additional support alongside their prescribed treatments.

But do these approaches help? Let’s explore the possibilities and see what science says, keeping in mind that they should always be used in combination with, not instead of, conventional medical care.

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Conventional Treatments vs. CAM Therapies

Hyperthyroidism is often managed with one or a combination of three primary therapies: medications, radioactive iodine, and surgery. Each has a distinct role and benefits.

Medications: Drugs like methimazole or propylthiouracil help reduce the thyroid’s hormone production. These medications work by blocking the thyroid from producing too much hormone. While effective, they can take several weeks to show results and may have side effects like skin rashes or liver issues.

Radioactive iodine: This treatment involves taking a small dose of radioactive iodine orally. The thyroid gland absorbs the iodine, gradually destroying the overactive thyroid cells. This is a long-term solution but can sometimes result in hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) afterward, requiring lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Surgery: In cases where medications and radioactive iodine aren’t suitable, surgery may be recommended to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Surgery offers a quick solution but also carries risks like damage to surrounding nerves or permanent hypothyroidism.

Role of CAM in Hyperthyroidism Management

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies offer approaches that may support overall wellness in individuals with hyperthyroidism. These approaches may be used alongside standard care; however, it is essential to discuss them with a healthcare provider to ensure safety and appropriate integration with prescribed treatments.

CAM therapies typically focus on natural remedies, lifestyle changes, and stress management, promoting overall well-being and supporting thyroid health.

Some individuals explore natural approaches, such as dietary adjustments or herbal supplements, to promote general well-being. While these options may contribute to overall wellness, they should not replace medical care. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential, as untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious health complications.

Herbal and Botanical Supplements

Many people with hyperthyroidism explore herbal and botanical supplements as part of their treatment plan. Below are some of the most commonly used herbs and what science says about their effectiveness.

Bugleweed (Lycopus europaeus)

Bugleweed is thought to support thyroid balance by potentially influencing hormone production and thyroid activity. Some preliminary studies suggest it may help people with mild hyperthyroidism, but more research is needed to confirm its effects and long-term safety. Traditionally, it has been used to help with symptoms like a rapid heartbeat and anxiety.

Bugleweed should be used cautiously, especially if taking thyroid medications, as it may overly suppress hormone production. Consult a healthcare provider before using bugleweed to ensure safe and appropriate use.

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Lemon balm is thought to support thyroid balance and may help promote calm in individuals experiencing symptoms like anxiety or restlessness. While its effect on the thyroid is mainly supported by animal studies and traditional use, lemon balm’s calming benefits are more widely recognized in studies on anxiety and sleep.

Lemon balm is generally considered safe, but in large amounts, it may interact with thyroid medications. Due to its sedative effects, it could also amplify the effects of anxiety or insomnia medications. Always consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if taking other medications.

Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca)

Motherwort is traditionally used to promote relaxation and support a sense of calm. While it may not directly affect thyroid hormone levels, its calming effects on the heart and nervous system may support overall well-being in people experiencing symptoms like palpitations and anxiety.

There is limited scientific evidence on motherwort's impact on thyroid function. Still, some research suggests it may help lower heart rate and promote a sense of calm, which could indirectly support those with hyperthyroidism.

Motherwort can thin the blood, so it should be used cautiously with blood-thinning medications. It may also lower blood pressure, so combining it with other blood pressure medications could lead to complications. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.

Dietary Supplements and Vitamins

Certain dietary supplements and vitamins may help support thyroid health, particularly when addressing nutrient deficiencies that affect hormone regulation and immune function. Here are key nutrients associated with thyroid health:

Selenium

Selenium is a trace mineral involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. It plays a role in converting the less active thyroid hormone (T4) into the more active form (T3), which the body uses for energy and metabolism. Selenium supports enzymes that protect the thyroid from oxidative stress, potentially promoting thyroid health, especially in those with autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Some studies suggest selenium supplementation could support thyroid function by reducing inflammation, particularly in those with selenium deficiency. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in hyperthyroidism.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D supports immune health, which may benefit individuals with thyroid concerns, including autoimmune thyroid conditions. People with thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, often have low levels of vitamin D. By promoting immune balance, vitamin D may support overall thyroid health.

While vitamin D is known for reducing inflammation in autoimmune conditions, its direct effects on thyroid hormone levels in hyperthyroidism remain unclear. More research is needed to understand its full role in thyroid function.

Magnesium

Magnesium is involved in many essential functions, including supporting thyroid health and regulating calcium levels, which can be disrupted in hyperthyroidism. It plays a role in activating enzymes involved in thyroid hormone production and supports the body’s stress response, potentially helping with symptoms like anxiety and muscle cramps.

While research on magnesium’s effects on thyroid health is limited, its role in muscle and nerve function may support relaxation and help alleviate discomforts like muscle cramps.

Zinc

Zinc is important for thyroid hormone production and immune support. Adequate zinc levels support thyroid hormone production and immune function, which may be relevant to overall thyroid health. It also helps protect the thyroid from oxidative stress, which is relevant in the overall health of the gland.

Some studies suggest that zinc may support thyroid health, especially when combined with selenium. However, more research is needed to understand its specific benefits for individuals with hyperthyroidism, particularly those with autoimmune-related conditions.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture, a practice from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), involves inserting thin needles at specific points to promote balance and well-being. It’s believed to support relaxation and may help with symptoms like anxiety and a rapid heartbeat often associated with hyperthyroidism, though scientific evidence is limited.

Some studies suggest acupuncture may support stress reduction, which could benefit individuals managing symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Acupuncture is generally safe when performed by a licensed practitioner using sterile, single-use needles. Possible side effects include bruising or soreness, with rare risks of infection. Consult a healthcare provider before trying acupuncture, especially if you are pregnant or have bleeding disorders.

Mind-Body Therapies

Mind-body therapies focus on the connection between mental and physical health, often used to promote relaxation and reduce stress, which may be beneficial for people with hyperthyroidism.

Yoga and Meditation

Yoga and meditation are known for promoting calm and reducing stress, which is important for managing symptoms like anxiety and insomnia. Yoga combines physical postures, controlled breathing, and mindfulness, potentially supporting overall well-being. 

Some studies suggest that yoga may help reduce stress and promote relaxation, potentially benefiting individuals experiencing hyperthyroid-related symptoms. Meditation, particularly mindfulness and deep-breathing exercises, can further calm the nervous system and improve emotional stability.

Tai Chi and Qigong

Tai Chi and Qigong are ancient Chinese practices that combine slow movements with deep breathing to enhance mental and physical balance.

These gentle exercises may support relaxation and promote balance, which could be beneficial for managing symptoms like nervousness and fatigue. Some studies suggest they also improve muscle strength and flexibility, offering physical benefits for people with hyperthyroidism.

Biofeedback and Relaxation Techniques

Biofeedback uses sensors to monitor physiological processes like heart rate and muscle tension, helping individuals learn to manage stress responses. Relaxation techniques, such as controlled breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, may support stress reduction and improve sleep. 

While more research is needed, these techniques are recognized for promoting mental clarity and reducing stress, which could support overall well-being for those managing hyperthyroidism.

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy uses essential oils to promote relaxation and support emotional well-being. While it cannot address the root causes of hyperthyroidism, it may help ease symptoms like anxiety and sleep disturbances by encouraging a sense of calm.

Essential Oils and Their Uses

• Lavender: Known for its calming effects, lavender may help reduce anxiety, support relaxation, and improve sleep quality. Its soothing scent can promote calmness, which may benefit those feeling stressed.
• Frankincense: Often used to support emotional balance, frankincense may help relax the mind and reduce anxiety, making it a popular choice for stress relief.
• Lemongrass: Some use lemongrass oil to support circulation and relaxation. It may help reduce muscle tension, which can be helpful for those experiencing restlessness.
• Chamomile: Known for its calming properties, chamomile may help improve sleep and ease nervousness, offering relief for those with insomnia.

While essential oils do not impact thyroid function directly, they may help ease some symptoms related to hyperthyroidism, such as anxiety and restlessness.

Safety and Usage Guidelines

When using essential oils, follow these guidelines to avoid side effects:

• Dilution: Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil (e.g., coconut or almond oil) before applying to the skin. Use 3-5 drops per teaspoon of carrier oil.
• Application: Diluted oils can be applied to pulse points, used in a diffuser, or added to bathwater. Avoid ingesting or applying undiluted oils directly to the skin.
• Precautions: Some oils may cause allergic reactions or interact with medications. Perform a patch test and consult a healthcare provider, especially if you are undergoing treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Chiropractic Care

Chiropractic care involves manual adjustments to the body's musculoskeletal system. It aims to improve alignment and may help alleviate muscle tension and support physical comfort for those experiencing symptoms like:

• Muscle tension and discomfort
• Postural issues
• Stress-related tension

However, scientific evidence supporting chiropractic care specifically for hyperthyroidism is limited. Most research highlights its effectiveness in addressing musculoskeletal issues like back and neck pain.

Safety Considerations

Chiropractic care is generally considered safe when performed by licensed professionals. However, spinal manipulation, especially in the neck, may carry some risks in vulnerable populations. 

Consult your healthcare provider before pursuing chiropractic care to ensure it is suitable for your health needs and complements your current treatment.

Massage Therapy

Massage therapy is a popular, non-invasive treatment for managing stress, muscle tension, and discomfort, which can be aggravated by hyperthyroidism. While massage does not directly address thyroid function, it may promote relaxation and ease physical symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism.

Types of Massage Beneficial for Hyperthyroidism

Different massage techniques may be helpful depending on symptoms:

• Swedish massage: A gentle approach using long strokes to promote relaxation and reduce stress—ideal for easing anxiety and muscle tension.
• Deep tissue massage: Targets deeper muscle layers to relieve chronic tension and stiffness, which may benefit those experiencing muscle pain.
• Trigger point therapy: Focuses on releasing specific areas of tension, potentially alleviating muscle discomfort linked to hyperthyroidism.

While there is no specific research on massage therapy for hyperthyroidism, studies show that massage can help reduce stress, improve sleep, and relieve muscle tension. These benefits may indirectly support those managing hyperthyroidism by addressing secondary symptoms.

Energy Therapies

Energy therapies like Reiki and Healing Touch are thought to promote relaxation and balance the body’s energy. While they do not directly address thyroid function, energy therapies may support relaxation and promote emotional well-being.

Both practices involve practitioners placing their hands lightly on or above the body to support energy flow. Reiki focuses on channeling universal energy, while Healing Touch aims to clear blockages in the body’s energy field.

These therapies are generally considered safe and are often used as complementary treatments. However, they should be seen as supportive rather than primary options for managing thyroid conditions.

Creating a Comprehensive Treatment Plan

A comprehensive treatment plan involves collaboration with healthcare providers to ensure CAM therapies are safe and complement standard care. Providers can help monitor how these therapies interact with standard treatments, ensuring the patient's thyroid condition is well-managed without adverse effects.

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Personalized approaches can help address both emotional and physical symptoms, working alongside medical treatments for optimal well-being. Personalizing these approaches ensures they address both emotional and physical symptoms, working in harmony with medical treatments for optimal results.

How to Choose the Right CAM Therapy

The first step in choosing a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy is identifying your goals. Ask yourself:

• What symptoms am I trying to manage? For stress relief, therapies like yoga, meditation, or acupuncture may be helpful. For physical discomfort, consider chiropractic care or massage therapy.
• What is my comfort level with various therapies? Some may prefer non-invasive methods like aromatherapy, while others might be open to hands-on approaches such as chiropractic or acupuncture.

Before starting any CAM therapy, consult your healthcare provider. Professional guidance is essential for safely managing hyperthyroidism and ensuring that CAM therapies complement prescribed treatments. Your doctor can help determine if a CAM therapy is safe and suitable for your symptoms and confirm it complements your current treatment. 

Regular check-ins with your provider can help monitor changes in symptoms and adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

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Key Takeaways

• Hyperthyroidism is commonly treated with medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery, each with varying effectiveness and risks, including the potential for developing hypothyroidism.
• Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, such as herbal supplements, acupuncture, and stress-relief techniques, can be supportive when used alongside conventional treatments but should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.
• Herbal remedies like bugleweed, lemon balm, and motherwort may help manage mild hyperthyroidism symptoms, though caution is needed due to potential interactions with thyroid medications.
• Dietary supplements such as selenium and vitamin D may support thyroid health, particularly for those with deficiencies, though their direct impact on hyperthyroidism requires further research.
• Mind-body therapies like yoga, meditation, and acupuncture may help manage stress and anxiety related to hyperthyroidism, although scientific evidence supporting their effects is limited.