Gotu kola, often regarded as a beneficial plant in Asian cultures, has been used for centuries in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This plant has gained recognition in contemporary herbal practices for its potential to support various aspects of health, including cognitive function and skin health.
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Overview of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Gotu kola, scientifically known as Centella asiatica, is a perennial plant with a significant place in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Native to the wetlands of Asia, particularly in India, Sri Lanka, China, and Indonesia, this plant is characterized by its kidney-shaped leaves and small, pinkish-red flowers. Gotu kola belongs to the Apiaceae family and is known for its potential health-supporting properties. (9)
In traditional medicine, gotu kola has been valued for centuries. In Ayurvedic medicine and TCM, gotu kola is considered a rejuvenating herb, known for supporting mental clarity and overall well-being. It is valued for its potential to support circulation, manage inflammation, and promote relaxation. The historical significance of gotu kola in traditional medicine underscores its importance as a natural option for supporting various aspects of health and wellness. (9)
Phytochemical Components of Gotu Kola
The active compounds in gotu kola are believed to contribute to its various effects. Triterpenoid saponins, including asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and madecassoside, are thought to be the primary bioactive constituents. These compounds are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other supportive properties. (9, 25)
Gotu kola also contains essential oils, flavonoids, and tannins. Gotu kola leaves are also nutritious, containing a variety of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. (2, 9)
6 Potential Benefits of Gotu Kola
Based on scientific evidence, oral and topical administration of gotu kola may be considered by individuals looking to support cognitive function, skin health, stress management, circulation, and overall well-being.
1. Supporting Memory and Cognitive Function
Gotu kola's potential effects on brain health have been explored in animal and in vitro studies, where the herb has shown promising results. In these studies, the active compounds in gotu kola, particularly triterpenoids, have demonstrated antioxidant properties, which may help manage oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress is a factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, research suggests that gotu kola extract may support brain health by protecting against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and enhancing neural connectivity. These effects suggest the herb's potential in promoting brain health. (18)
Some human studies have explored gotu kola's impact on memory and cognitive function. These studies have shown that gotu kola supplementation may support memory and cognitive performance in human subjects (7, 24). The herb's potential neuroprotective properties are thought to contribute to these outcomes. As research continues, gotu kola's potential as a natural supplement for cognitive support becomes increasingly promising.
2. Supporting Skin Health
Gotu kola's potential benefits for skin health can be attributed to its content of triterpenoids, particularly asiaticoside and asiatic acid. When the skin is injured or stressed, inflammation and oxidative stress are common challenges. Triterpenoids in gotu kola act as antioxidants, which may help manage oxidative stress and support the body's natural healing processes.
Moreover, triterpenoids in gotu kola may support type I collagen production. Collagen, a structural protein abundant in the skin, is essential for its strength and elasticity. As triterpenoids support collagen synthesis, they may aid in forming new skin tissue and promoting skin health.
Some research suggests that applying a 3% gotu kola cream to second-degree burns may support the healing process and reduce dryness, itching, irritation, and scar appearance, compared to silver sulfadiazine 1% cream.
3. Supporting Stress Management
Some studies suggest that gotu kola may have calming effects by influencing GABA synthesis. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter associated with calming effects on the nervous system. Many pharmaceutical drugs for anxiety, stress, and insomnia work by increasing the effects of GABA in the brain. One study, including 40 participants, found that high doses of gotu kola helped improve the startle response, which is associated with stress and anxiety.
4. Supporting Circulation
Research has shown that gotu kola's triterpenoids may support blood vessel health and reduce capillary permeability (9). These actions may contribute to improved venous tone and reduced leakage of blood and fluid into surrounding tissues, addressing key issues in venous insufficiency and circulation. Clinical trials have demonstrated that using gotu kola for venous insufficiency in doses of 60-120 mg daily for 4-8 weeks may support microcirculatory parameters and reduce ankle swelling.
5. Supporting Healthy Aging
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are factors in unhealthy and premature aging. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, gotu kola may help manage free radicals responsible for cellular damage. By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the skin, gotu kola may help support skin health.
Gotu kola's roles in promoting collagen synthesis and microcirculation also offer potential benefits for aging. Healthy collagen and blood flow maintain the skin's firmness and elasticity, ensure skin cells receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, and prevent puffiness.
6. Supporting Joint and Muscle Comfort
The anti-inflammatory properties of gotu kola may help support joint and muscle comfort. Experimental animal models have demonstrated the herb's ability to influence pro-inflammatory cytokines and pain pathways. These findings suggest the potential of using gotu kola in supporting conditions related to joint and muscle comfort. (15, 16)
While more research, especially clinical trials, is needed to confirm the potential value of using gotu kola for joint and muscle comfort, a small study found that gotu kola decreased joint discomfort and improved finger movement in women with scleroderma.
Safety and Precautions
Gotu kola has been used in doses of up to 180 mg daily for up to one year or 1,000 mg daily for 60 days. Gotu kola is generally well-tolerated but may cause gastrointestinal upset (oral administration) or dermatological irritation (topical use) in some cases (11).
Although rare, there are at least four case reports of hepatotoxicity associated with gotu kola use. The doses of gotu kola used in these cases were not reported, and hepatotoxic contaminants could not be ruled out. Still, individuals with preexisting liver conditions should use caution with oral herbal administration.
Gotu kola may also interact with the following medications (11):
- Hepatotoxic medications
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs
- Diabetes medications
- Diuretics
- Sedatives
It is always advised to consult a healthcare professional, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications, if you are considering gotu kola supplementation. This will help ensure the herb is safe and appropriate for your health needs, minimizing the risk of adverse effects or interactions.
How to Use Gotu Kola for Health
Gotu kola is available in tea, dried herb, tincture, capsule, tablet, and topical forms. Adults most commonly use herbal extracts in doses of 60-450 mg daily for 4-12 months. (11, 12)
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Summary
Attributed mainly to its concentration of triterpenoids, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a plant used in traditional practices for centuries. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may support various aspects of health, including those pertaining to the neurological, integumentary, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. Future research efforts will continue to refine our understanding of this herb's diverse applications and potential benefits.
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