Coughing is a natural reflex that helps clear your airways, but when it becomes frequent or severe, it can be uncomfortable and disruptive. Tessalon Perles, a brand name for the medication benzonatate, is often used to help manage this type of coughing.
This prescription medication works by numbing the throat and lungs, making it easier to get relief from persistent coughs. In this article, we’ll explore what Tessalon Perles are, how they are used, the recommended dosage, possible side effects, and important safety tips to keep in mind.
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What is Tessalon Perles (Benzonatate)?
Benzonatate is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called antitussives, or cough suppressants. Chemically, it is related to anesthetics, meaning it works by numbing certain areas in the throat and lungs to reduce the cough reflex.
Benzonatate was first introduced in the 1950s, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it in 1958. Its unique mechanism of action makes it a useful option for managing coughs caused by irritation or inflammation.
Brand Name and Generics
Tessalon Perles is the most commonly known brand name for benzonatate. It comes in a soft, round capsule that resembles a pearl, hence the name "Perles." While Tessalon Perles is widely recognized, generic versions of benzonatate are also available. These offer the same active ingredient and effects at a potentially lower cost, providing more options for patients.
Primary Uses
Benzonatate is primarily prescribed to suppress coughs caused by conditions like bronchitis, pneumonia, or other respiratory infections. It is especially helpful for coughs that are dry or unproductive (coughs without mucus) and that interfere with daily activities or sleep.
By calming the cough reflex, it can provide relief and help you feel more comfortable while recovering.
Keep in mind, while benzonatate helps control coughing, it does not treat the underlying cause of the cough, such as an infection or inflammation. For this reason, it is typically used alongside other treatments as recommended by your healthcare provider.
How Tessalon Perles (Benzonatate) Works
Benzonatate works by targeting the stretch receptors in the lungs and airways. These receptors send signals to the brain when they detect irritation, triggering the cough reflex. Benzonatate numbs these stretch receptors, which reduces their ability to send those signals.
This action helps calm the cough reflex, making it especially useful for managing persistent, dry coughs that don’t produce mucus.
Onset and Duration
After taking benzonatate, relief from coughing typically begins within 15 to 20 minutes. The effects usually last for 6 to 8 hours, providing consistent symptom control throughout the day. This quick onset and relatively long duration make it convenient for individuals experiencing frequent coughing episodes.
Usage in Different Conditions
Benzonatate is prescribed to treat both acute and chronic coughs caused by conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or other respiratory irritations. In acute cases, like a respiratory infection, it helps make the cough less disruptive while the body heals.
For chronic conditions, it may be used as part of a broader treatment plan to manage symptoms over time.
However, it’s important to note that benzonatate is not effective for all respiratory symptoms. It does not address congestion, wheezing, or mucus production, and it is not designed to treat underlying causes such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its primary role is to suppress the cough reflex, offering temporary relief for a specific symptom.
Dosage and Administration of Tessalon Perles
The typical dose of Tessalon Perles (benzonatate) for adults and children over 10 years old is 100 to 200 mg, taken up to three times daily as needed for cough relief. The maximum dose should not exceed 600 mg in a 24-hour period. This dosing schedule provides consistent symptom control throughout the day.
Dosage Variations
The exact dosage may vary depending on factors such as the patient’s age, overall health, and the severity of the cough. For instance:
- Children (under 10 years old): Benzonatate is not generally recommended for younger children due to safety concerns.
- Individuals with specific health conditions: Your healthcare provider may adjust the dosage based on your medical history or other medications you are taking to prevent interactions.
Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding the correct dosage for your situation.
Administration Guidelines
It’s very important to swallow Tessalon Perles capsules whole. Chewing, biting, or crushing the capsules can release the medication too quickly, potentially causing numbness in the mouth and throat, which might lead to choking or difficulty swallowing.
To take Tessalon Perles safely:
- Swallow the capsule with a full glass of water.
- Do not consume alcohol or other substances that could increase drowsiness while taking this medication.
If you accidentally chew or crush the capsule and experience throat or mouth numbness, avoid eating or drinking until the sensation passes to reduce the risk of choking. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention immediately..
Potential Side Effects and Risks
Most people tolerate benzonatate well, but some may experience mild side effects, including:
- Drowsiness: Feeling sleepy or less alert than usual.
- Dizziness: A sensation of lightheadedness or imbalance.
- Nausea or upset stomach: Mild discomfort in the stomach.
These side effects are typically not severe and may lessen as your body adjusts to the medication.
Severe Side Effects
Although rare, benzonatate can cause serious side effects, particularly if not taken as directed. These include:
- Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Symptoms may include swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing, and skin rashes. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur.
- Numbness of the throat or mouth: This can happen if the capsule is chewed or crushed, increasing the risk of choking or difficulty swallowing.
- Severe dizziness or confusion: These symptoms require prompt medical evaluation.
Who Should Avoid Benzonatate?
Certain individuals should not use benzonatate or should consult a healthcare provider before starting it, including:
- Individuals allergic to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives: These are compounds found in some local anesthetics.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals: Safety in these groups has not been well established.
- Children under 10 years old: The FDA has reported serious risks, including fatal overdoses, in young children.
FDA Warnings
The FDA has issued warnings about the potential dangers of benzonatate misuse and accidental ingestion. Key concerns include:
- Accidental ingestion by children: Even one or two capsules can cause serious, life-threatening side effects, such as seizures or cardiac arrest. Capsules should be stored out of reach of children.
- Misuse: Taking more than the recommended dose can lead to overdose symptoms, including agitation, seizures, or loss of consciousness.
Safety Tips for Using Tessalon Perles
Here are precautions to help ensure the safe and effective use of Tessalon Perles. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have questions or concerns about this medication.
Proper Storage and Handling
Tessalon Perles should always be stored in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets. Due to its appearance, it can be mistaken for candy, making it particularly dangerous for children.
Keep the capsules in their original container, tightly closed, and at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Use child-resistant packaging and store the medication in a high cabinet or locked container.
Misuse and Overdose Risks
Taking more than the prescribed dose or using the capsules incorrectly can lead to serious health risks, including symptoms such as confusion, hallucinations, agitation, seizures, or cardiac arrest.
Improper capsule use including chewing or crushing the capsules can cause throat and mouth numbness, increasing the risk of choking. Always swallow the capsules whole with water.
Interactions with Other Medications
Benzonatate can interact with certain substances, amplifying side effects like drowsiness or dizziness. Be cautious if you are taking:
- Sedatives: Medications like benzodiazepines or sleep aids.
- Opioids: Pain medications that can depress the central nervous system.
- Alcohol: Consuming alcohol while taking benzonatate may increase the risk of sedation or dizziness.
Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
What to Do in Case of an Overdose
If you suspect an overdose or accidental ingestion, especially by a child, act quickly:
- Call emergency services (911 in the U.S.): Immediate medical attention is essential.
- Contact Poison Control: In the U.S., call 1-800-222-1222 for guidance.
- Monitor symptoms: Watch for signs like seizures, trouble breathing, or unresponsiveness while waiting for help.
- Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Alternatives to Benzonatate for Cough Relief
Finding the right treatment for a cough depends on its cause, severity, and your individual needs, with options ranging from medications to natural remedies.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Alternatives
Several OTC remedies can help manage coughs, depending on the type and cause:
- Dextromethorphan: A common cough suppressant found in many OTC products like Robitussin or Delsym. It works by affecting the part of the brain that triggers coughing.
- Guaifenesin: An expectorant that helps thin mucus, making it easier to cough up. Found in products like Mucinex, it’s most effective for wet, productive coughs.
- Honey-based remedies: Honey can soothe a sore throat and reduce coughing, especially for mild, dry coughs. It’s a natural alternative often used in teas or on its own.
Prescription Alternatives
Other prescription cough treatments may be considered if benzonatate is not suitable:
- Codeine-based suppressants: Codeine is a stronger cough suppressant that works on the brain to reduce the urge to cough. It may be more effective for severe coughs but carries a higher risk of drowsiness, constipation, and dependency.
- Hydrocodone-containing medications: Similar to codeine, hydrocodone-based cough suppressants are used for severe, persistent coughs but are highly regulated due to potential misuse.
Natural Remedies and Lifestyle Adjustments
For mild to moderate coughs, non-medication options may provide relief:
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps thin mucus and keeps the throat moist.
- Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air can ease throat irritation and reduce coughing, especially in dry environments.
- Herbal teas: Teas made with ingredients like ginger, chamomile, or licorice root can soothe a sore throat and calm a cough.
- Rest and avoiding irritants: Giving your body time to recover and avoiding triggers like smoke or strong scents can help reduce coughing episodes.
Comparison Table
Frequently Asked Questions About Tessalon Perles
Q: Can I Take Tessalon Perles with Other Cough Medicines?
A: Combining Tessalon Perles with other cough medicines, especially those containing sedatives or similar active ingredients like dextromethorphan, can increase the risk of side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before using multiple medications to ensure they are safe to take together and won’t interact negatively.
Q: Is Tessalon Perles Safe During Pregnancy?
A: The safety of Tessalon Perles during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been well established. If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about whether this medication is appropriate for you. They may recommend alternative treatments if the risks outweigh the benefits.
Q: What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?
A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one, as this can increase the risk of side effects or overdose.
Q: Does Tessalon Perles Make You Drowsy?
A: Yes, drowsiness is a possible side effect of Tessalon Perles. While not everyone experiences this, it’s important to avoid driving, operating heavy machinery, or performing tasks that require full alertness until you know how the medication affects you. If drowsiness persists or becomes problematic, discuss it with your doctor.
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Key Takeaways
- Tessalon Perles (benzonatate) is a prescription cough suppressant that works by numbing the throat and lungs, effectively reducing the cough reflex, particularly for dry and unproductive coughs.
- The typical adult dosage is 100-200 mg taken up to three times daily, with a maximum of 600 mg in 24 hours, and capsules must be swallowed whole to avoid throat numbness or choking.
- Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea, while severe risks such as allergic reactions or overdose, particularly in children, necessitate strict adherence to dosing and storage guidelines.
- Benzonatate is not suitable for children under 10, individuals allergic to related compounds, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding without medical advice.
- Tessalon Perles should not be combined with alcohol or sedatives and must be stored securely out of reach of children, as even small amounts can cause life-threatening reactions.
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