Saline Nasal Spray: Benefits, Usage, & Safety

Saline nasal spray is a solution of water and salt used to relieve congestion, excess mucus, irritation, and dryness in the nose. It is growing in popularity for both symptom relief and prevention. 

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of saline nasal spray for healthcare professionals and patients, including its benefits, safe usage, and relevant evidence-based insights.

[signup]

What Is Saline Nasal Spray?

Saline nasal spray, also called sodium chloride nasal mist, consists of salt and water. The salt concentration in the solution is carefully balanced to maintain healthy tissue within the nose and avoid drawing water out of the cells. 

Saline spray does not contain any active ingredients or medication. It can be used to gently irrigate nasal passages to flush out allergens and irritants and hydrate the tissue inside the nose (mucous membranes). It can also relieve symptoms of post-nasal drip. 

The saline solution is used by spraying it into one nostril and then letting it drain from the other side or by spraying each nostril individually.  

There are different types of nasal sprays depending on the amount of salt. Some are isotonic, and others are hypertonic. An isotonic solution has the same amount of dissolved particles, like salt, as the cells in your body, so water moves in and out of the cells evenly. 

A hypertonic solution has more dissolved particles than your cells, causing water to leave the cells, which can make them shrink. In a review of studies, hypertonic saline was better at reducing symptoms but may have more side effects. These effects are typically minor and may include:

• Nosebleeds (epistaxis)
• Pain
• Dry mucous membranes

The choice between types of saline nasal spray depends on symptoms. Talk with your healthcare provider about which type is best for you. 

Benefits of Using Saline Nasal Spray

Saline nasal spray has many benefits and is relatively safe and inexpensive. Benefits include:

• Prevents dryness and irritation of nasal passages
• Helps to clear out pollutants, allergens, and pathogens (disease-causing bacteria or viruses)
• Assists in relieving congestion from colds, allergies, and sinus infections without medication
• Helps in post-surgical healing for patients who have undergone nasal or sinus surgery
• May improve overall respiratory function in chronic conditions such as asthma or COPD
• Relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis

How to Use Saline Nasal Spray Safely

Steps for safely using saline nasal spray include:

1. Gently blow your nose before using the spray.
2. Remove the cap and shake the bottle. Check that the solution has not expired. 
3. Prime the bottle by squirting it to remove any air.
4. Tilt your head forward and exhale from your nose.
5. Insert the spray tip into one nostril and use your finger to close the nostril on the other side.
6. Squeeze the bottle and breathe in gently through your nose.
7. Repeat on the other side.
8. Avoid blowing your nose or sneezing right after using the solution.
9. If the solution is in a pressurized canister, use the same steps while holding the spray canister in your nostril. Repeat on the other side as necessary. 
10. Avoid getting saline nasal spray into your eyes. 

Dos and Don'ts for using nasal spray:

• Make sure you breathe in gently while spraying the medication. Otherwise, it may not reach the inside of your nasal passages. 
• Spray straight and not at an angle. This allows the medication to reach your mucous membranes and prevents irritation.
• Take a break from using nasal sprays if you get nosebleeds or discomfort.
• Use nasal spray as directed by your physician and avoid overuse. 
• If your spray comes in a canister, keep it away from flames or excess heat. 

Saline Nasal Spray for Different Conditions

Nasal spray can relieve the signs and symptoms of multiple conditions with minimal side effects. The salt and water mix can promote healthy nasal passages and add moisture. 

Allergies

Saline nasal spray may relieve allergic rhinitis (seasonal allergies) symptoms by flushing out allergens like pollen and dust. 

Saline irrigation has been shown to reduce allergy symptoms without adverse effects.  

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the nasal passages. It can occur from viruses or bacteria and causes nasal drainage, congestion, fever, cough, and a reduced sense of smell. 

Nasal sprays can be part of the treatment for sinusitis by reducing inflammation and promoting mucous drainage. 

For Dry Nasal Passages

Seasonal changes in air moisture levels can dry out the nasal passages, resulting in discomfort and nose bleeds. 

Saline sprays can provide moisture to the mucous membranes and prevent discomfort accompanying dry air. 

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

Minor side effects from saline sprays may include irritation, a burning sensation, dryness, pain, and nose bleeds. These effects may be more common when hypertonic solutions are used. 

Allergic reactions are rare but may occur. If you develop a fever, chills, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency care. 

Avoid using nasal sprays if you have had recent surgery and were not directed to use them post-operatively. If you have an active infection or compromised immune system, speak with your healthcare provider before using a nasal spray.

Worsening symptoms such as difficulty breathing, fever, hives, swelling, or significant discomfort may indicate a more severe condition. Consult a healthcare provider if your condition worsens, as you may need other medication or treatment beyond saline nasal spray. 

Saline Nasal Spray vs. Other Nasal Treatments

Saline nasal spray does not have active ingredients (medication) in its formulation. In comparison, decongestants are a medication class that can relieve nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and cold symptoms. 

Comparison with Decongestants

Decongestants are appropriate in some cases, but they should not be used for more than a week because they can make congestion worse (rebound congestion). 

Use caution when using nasal decongestants because they can cause drowsiness. Check with your doctor before driving or operating machinery. 

Possible side effects of decongestants include:

• Dry mouth
• Skin rash
• Agitation
• Headache
• Nasal passage irritation
• Drowsiness

Nasal Steroids

Intranasal steroids are a type of medication that can relieve runny nose (rhinorrhea), nasal itching, and sneezing. They are an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis (seasonal allergies). 

Nasal steroids may be necessary when a saline nasal spray is not enough to relieve symptoms. These over-the-counter sprays should still be used under the direction of a medical provider. 

Possible side effects of nasal sprays include:

• Dry throat
• Burning in the nose
• Unpleasant taste
• Red and itchy nasal passages
• Nosebleeds
• Dry nasal passages

Evidence-Based Research and Clinical Recommendations

Clinical studies and professional recommendations support the safety and efficacy of saline nasal spray. 

Scientific Support for Use

Researchers have studied the effects of saline nasal spray on common cold symptoms. In one study, the group using saline nasal spray improved nasal drainage, congestion, sneezing, hoarseness, and coughing. 

Saline nasal spray is a good option for treating these symptoms because it has minimal side effects and is low-cost. 

Healthcare Professional Insights

A task force of medical professionals reviewed the evidence of saline nasal spray's efficacy for various nasal symptoms. Their practice guidelines include recommendations for using saline nasal spray for patients with chronic sinusitis and those who have recently had sinus surgery. 

The guidelines outline saline nasal sprays' relative safety, low cost, and effectiveness. 

FAQ: Common Questions from Patients

Here are some frequently asked questions about saline nasal spray.

‍

How Often Can I Use Saline Nasal Spray?

Saline nasal spray is generally safe to use daily, but always check with your doctor before using an over-the-counter medication.

Can I Make My Own Saline Nasal Solution?

Some nasal sprays require reconstitution, meaning the powder can be mixed with water. This method is safe if the directions are followed. It is not recommended to make saline spray at home with kitchen ingredients. 

Is Saline Nasal Spray Safe for Children and Infants?

Saline nasal spray is safe for children and infants if used properly following the instructions on the packaging. 

Can I Use Saline Nasal Spray Long-Term?

Because saline nasal spray does not contain medication, it can be used long-term in some cases. If you have ongoing nasal symptoms that are not improving, check with your medical provider. 

[signup]

Key Takeaways

• Saline nasal spray is a mix of salt and water to ease nasal symptoms like congestion, dryness, and irritation. It's increasingly popular as a safe, medication-free option for nasal relief.
• This spray can relieve nasal dryness, help clear allergens, ease congestion, support post-surgical recovery, and improve respiratory conditions like asthma.
• Saline sprays can cause minor side effects like irritation or dryness, which are more common with hypertonic solutions. Avoid use if you have a nasal infection or recent surgery unless advised by a healthcare provider.
• Unlike medicated nasal sprays like decongestants or steroids, saline spray is drug-free, making it suitable for long-term use. Medicated sprays offer more targeted relief for conditions like allergies but have a higher risk of side effects.
• Research shows that saline nasal sprays can effectively improve nasal symptoms in colds, sinusitis, and allergies with minimal risk.
• Experts recommend saline nasal spray as a safe, cost-effective option for people with nasal and sinus symptoms, including chronic sinusitis.
• For personalized recommendations, speak to your healthcare provider about the best nasal spray option for your specific symptoms and needs.