Castor oil, a vegetable oil pressed from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant, boasts a rich history as a traditional remedy dating back to ancient Egypt around 4000 BC (16). Historically recognized for its therapeutic applications in treating a wide range of conditions—from eye ailments to muscle pain, arthritis, menstrual cramps, and labor inducement—castor oil's versatility in medicinal use is well-documented across various cultures.
This article aims to delve into the anti-inflammatory properties of castor oil, examining its components and mechanisms that contribute to its effectiveness in alleviating inflammation-related conditions. By exploring both contemporary research and traditional applications, we seek to understand how castor oil can be integrated into a comprehensive anti-inflammatory treatment strategy.
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The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Castor Oil
Castor oil seeds are rich in a variety of beneficial compounds that lend to their anti-inflammatory actions. The most prominent of these is ricinoleic acid which comprises up to 90% of castor seed oil (21).
Other beneficial components include carotenoids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds (32). Together these compounds have been shown to have notable effects against pain, inflammation, microbial activity, and reactive oxygen species (16).
Ricinoleic acid can reduce pain caused by inflammation through its effects on inflammatory mediators. Additionally, if applied regularly daily, castor oil reduces substance P, a compound that induces nerve pain (21).
The anti-inflammatory properties of ricinoleic acid are enhanced by antioxidants such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and carotenoids (vitamin A) which neutralize harmful free radicals that could otherwise lead to tissue damage and contribute to chronic disease (32).
Castor oil is rich in phenolic compounds which exert anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. This makes it helpful against certain fungi, yeast, and bacteria such as S.aureus and E.coli (32).
Multiple small studies have been performed on the therapeutic potential of castor oil for eye conditions such as dry eye disease. In these studies, castor oil was used as the main component in topical eye drops and was shown to lessen symptoms of dryness, irritation, and scratchiness, while improving tear production in participants.
When used topically on patients with blepharitis, a condition that causes inflamed eyelids, castor oil helps to reduce irritation while improving the appearance of the affected eyelid (21).
Topical applications of castor oil may help with certain digestive issues as well. In a small study performed on nursing home residents with constipation, the use of castor oil packs helped to reduce hardness and straining during bowel movements.
Castor oil has also demonstrated effects against the formation of biofilms which can disrupt oral and digestive health and has been implicated in conditions such as small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO) and tartar accumulation on teeth. It is thought that the ricinoleic acid in castor oil helps to increase the vulnerability of the biofilm’s walls, resulting in the breakdown of the biofilm itself (2).
Although most traditional applications of castor oil are topical, there is some evidence for internal use of castor oil. A study done on 100 patients with osteoarthritis compared the efficacy of castor oil capsules to the anti-inflammatory medication diclofenac, which is commonly used for joint pain. At the end of the four-week study, the castor oil group showed a similar significant reduction in pain as the diclofenac group, but with much fewer side effects (17).
Topical Applications of Castor Oil for Inflammation
Joint and Muscle Pain:
For topical use, castor oil can be applied directly by massaging the oil over the affected area, taking care to massage the entire inflamed area. Another option is to use castor oil packs in which a piece of cloth is saturated with castor oil and applied to the affected area.
The cloth is then covered with a thin sheet of plastic, such as a piece of plastic wrap or a plastic bag, and a heating pad is placed on top for 30-60 minutes. For full anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, daily applications may be needed (28).
Skin Conditions:
The topical application of castor oil has a long history of traditional use in the treatment of minor skin conditions such as acne, warts, skin rashes, and other lesions. Castor oil incorporated into creams has been successfully used to reduce areas of hyperpigmentation when used daily. Its use as a component in wound dressing studies suggests the potential for facilitating skin healing and calming inflammation. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions make it a plausible treatment for some cases of acne (11).
In these cases, castor oil is often applied directly to the skin in small amounts. Because the oil is fatty-acid rich, it can help moisturize and soften the skin, though using too much oil can leave the skin feeling greasy (11).
Considerations and Precautions:
It should be noted that castor oil is a thick, viscous oil that can easily stain clothes and linens. Therefore, care should be taken to rub in the oil well to prevent unwanted transfer to clothes.
Although the use of castor oil topically carries minimal risk, it is always advisable to first test a small patch of skin to assess for allergic reactions before using it to treat skin or musculoskeletal conditions. It is best used on areas of intact skin and should not be used directly on wounds unless under the supervision of a health care provider.
Internal Use of Castor Oil for Anti-Inflammatory Benefits
Digestive Health:
Castor oil has historical use as an effective laxative. Drinking a spoonful of castor oil was once a common home remedy for constipation. When castor oil is taken internally, it is acted on by intestinal lipases (enzymes) that break down the oil and release ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid activates prostaglandin EP3 receptors on smooth muscle cells within the intestines, causing a surge in calcium which in turn stimulates peristalsis to facilitate bowel movements.
Although the use of castor oil in this way is considered safe, it can be accompanied by unwanted side effects such as nausea and intestinal cramping.
Safety and Dosage:
As a stimulating laxative, general dosing for the treatment of short-term constipation ranges from 15 to 60 mL per day in adults (1). Castor oil should only be taken internally under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to its tendency to cause unwanted side effects including diarrhea, cramping, nausea, and dizziness (1).
Internal use is not appropriate for patients with inflammatory bowel conditions or who are pregnant unless being used to facilitate labor under the guidance of a healthcare provider (27). Although castor oil itself is deemed safe, the castor seeds from which it is derived are highly poisonous and should never be taken internally (1).
Integrating Castor Oil into an Anti-Inflammatory Regimen
- For general anti-inflammatory action, apply castor oil packs to the area of the liver for 30-60 minutes a few times per week. Castor oil can also be applied directly to affected areas if experiencing minor skin issues, joint pain, or muscle pain.
- For optimal anti-inflammatory effects, castor oil should be used in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle changes that help reduce inflammation.
- Incorporate nutrient-dense foods high in fiber, healthy fats, and a variety of antioxidant-rich vegetables and fruits into your daily diet while limiting intake of pro-inflammatory foods such as alcohol, excess sugar, and processed meats.
- Lifestyle modifications such as engaging in regular exercise, daily stress mitigation practices, adequate hydration, and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can further support a successful anti-inflammatory regimen.
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Key Takeaways
- Castor oil, rich in ricinoleic acid and antioxidants, has many historical and contemporary uses for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
- Small studies support its efficacy in treating biofilms, dry eye, blepharitis, constipation, and osteoarthritis pain, with fewer side effects than traditional medications.
- Can be applied topically for joint, muscle pain, and skin conditions; internal use as a laxative should be approached with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to possible side effects.
- Optimal use involves combining castor oil with dietary and lifestyle changes for a holistic anti-inflammatory regimen.
- Engaging with healthcare professionals can ensure a personalized and safe integration of castor oil into your holistic health strategy, enhancing overall well-being and inflammation management.
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