Seasonal allergies affect over 20 million people in the United States each year. With symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and rashes, it's no wonder Americans spend billions of dollars annually on over-the-counter and prescription treatments for them.
Seasonal allergies can put a damper on outdoor plans and even make entire months of the year unenjoyable for those suffering from them.
Luckily, a Functional Medicine approach to seasonal allergy relief can be effective, safe, and cost-efficient, even if what you've tried before hasn't worked. If you're looking for proof that treating the root cause of seasonal allergies works, you'll definitely want to read Thomas's story below!
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CC: Seasonal Allergies and Severe Fatigue
Thomas is a 57-year-old cis male who initially presented to our clinic for help with severe episodes of fatigue that had developed suddenly over the past month. He also had a long history of seasonal allergies, for which he took four medications (Allegra, Mucinex, Azelastine, and Flonase) daily.
Patient Background
Thomas was a CEO who came to see us because his fatigue symptoms were interfering with his work and home life, and he hadn't been able to find answers. These attacks happened at random times of the day and were seemingly unrelated to physical activity, water or food intake, or sleep. Over the past month, Thomas had begun experiencing what he felt were episodes of hypoglycemia. Seemingly out of nowhere, he'd feel shaky, weak, exhausted, and have to lie down. The only thing that could help him feel better during these episodes was lying flat and ingesting some form of sugar, like juice. Understandably, Thomas assumed that blood sugar was the issue, but strangely, an extensive amount of workup suggested his blood sugar was actually normal throughout these episodes. The other common causes of this type of rapid onset fatigue - hypotension (or low blood pressure) and acute dehydration - had also been ruled out. Thomas and his doctor felt stuck.
Thomas came to our clinic looking for answers. What was happening to him? And why? How could he prevent these attacks?
Thomas's seasonal allergies were severe but understandably a secondary issue when he initially presented to our clinic, given the acute nature of his fatigue attacks. Since he reported them in his intake, we decided we wanted to heal those, too. In fact, his seasonal allergies gave us an important clue that eventually enabled us to solve his case of fatigue.
Additional Background
Thomas' family ate a whole foods diet, and he exercised regularly. His wellness routine included adequate sleep time, relaxation, and stress reduction. Thomas had a history of Lyme disease, kidney injury, and bronchitis, but these conditions were resolved and hadn't affected him in years. Aside from his four allergy medications, he took no other medications daily. Thomas' fatigue was a medical mystery, but thankfully, we were able to solve this case using clues from his intake and the nutrient analysis, dietary recall, and lab work you'll see below.
Nutrient Analysis
At his intake, the nutrient analysis of Thomas's typical diet revealed that he tended to consume inadequate total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, omega 3's, fiber, and most vitamins and several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and potassium each day. Additionally, Thomas consumed an abundance of highly allergenic and high histamine foods, drank alcohol approximately two days per week, including beer and wine, and ate out frequently at restaurants for meals.
Nutrient analysis table. It lists the calories, macronutrients (carbs, fat, protein), vitamins, and minerals in a serving of food.
Laboratory Workup Ordered At Initial Visit
Thomas's primary care had already ordered a preliminary workup before he came to see us, which included a CBC, CMP, Lipid panel, Thyroid panel, HbA1c, Lyme disease screen, DHEA, and Testosterone, all of which were within normal limits.
We ordered food sensitivity testing through RUPA labs and referred Thomas to an allergist to be evaluated for food and environmental allergies. Additionally, we began monitoring his sleep using an Oura ring to track deep, light, and REM sleep to gain more insight into his recovery.
Lab Analysis
Allergies
Thomas's allergist did a wide variety of testing and found no positive results for IgE food allergies. His environmental allergen reactivity levels were mild, despite significant symptoms.
Thomas's allergist suggested that he attempt to temporarily discontinue his medications to see what his baseline symptoms were since he had not had a significant period without taking them in years. She felt confident that the more natural antihistamine protocol we'd prescribed for him (below) would work.
Thomas' allergist also screened him for tryptase, which was within normal limits. Tryptase is an enzyme released from mast cells during an allergic reaction. It can be elevated if the person is having an allergic reaction at the time of the blood draw, but more than 50% of the time comes back normal - even when a person is having histamine-related issues.
As a result, many functional medicine doctors diagnose histamine issues based on symptoms (rashes, hives, urticaria, unstable blood pressure, tachycardia, diarrhea, hypotension, fatigue, itching, and more, particularly when triggered by exposure to an allergen) rather than solely relying on blood tests results. Thomas's allergist explained this to him and suggested that she still thought allergies were playing a role in his symptoms, even though his tests were inconclusive. That led us to the allergy/histamine protocol that ended up helping Thomas finally get allergy symptom-free.
Food Sensitivity Results
Thomas had two significant IgG and IgA food reactions to cow's dairy and chicken and duck eggs. Significant food reactions are always interpreted within the context of the client's symptoms, diet, and more.
In Thomas' case, we could reliably assume that any class III or above IgG reactions or IgA reactions above class I were worth investigating, as he only has two of these. In general, I only have clients eliminate the foods they're reacting to above a class II.
Sleep
Thomas’s sleep tracking revealed that he was waking up over twenty times per night. We sent him for a sleep evaluation and prescribed supplements to help him get more restful sleep pending those results, which we are still waiting for due to long waits for specialists in our area.
Discussion: Clinical Picture at Start of Protocol
I suspected that Thomas’ symptoms were likely due to the combination of poor histamine tolerance, food sensitivities, and years of poor sleep from his adrenal fatigue. I also expected that several nutrient deficiencies were contributing to both symptoms and that if we could replete him, decrease histamine exposure and production, and remove triggering foods, he would heal.
This is particularly true because many of the nutrients he tended to under-consume are required for phase I and phase II liver detox and optimal liver health, which is needed to break down histamines in the blood fully. You’ll notice that many of these nutrients are amino acids and vitamins, which Thomas did not consume enough of routinely through his diet and was not supplementing.
Interventions
To help Thomas heal and thrive, we did the following:
Nutrition
My team and I worked with Thomas to create a customized food-as-medicine meal plan that allowed him to
Reduce the glycemic index of his diet by increasing protein. Thomas presented with the strong feeling that blood sugar was playing a role in his symptoms, so we provided education on blood sugar physiology and worked with him to build a low-glycemic diet.
Temporarily swap cow dairy for non-cow dairy products like cashew or almond milk.
Thomas was eating eggs frequently when he first came in to see us. We temporarily gave him other options for breakfast and baked goods and advised him to eliminate eggs for several weeks so we could see how he felt after reintroducing them.
Increased fiber intake by adding more nuts and seeds to his diet and an additional serving of fruit. Evidence suggests that increasing fiber intake can reduce allergic reactions
Increased servings of salmon each week and added a vitamin D-containing multivitamin to ensure adequate vitamin D intake since it’s known to play a role in immunoregulation.
Limited high histamine foods and beverages like beer, fermented foods, and leftovers.
Importantly, this plan had enough treats and good foods to be truly sustainable for Thomas so he wouldn’t feel deprived. Here’s what it looked like! The hidden science behind this is that the combined foods provide 100% RDI of nutrients each day while still being fun / easy to eat. Every person’s plan looks different in our practice depending on their unique lifestyle and preferences.
Thomas's individualized nutrition plan was designed to be healthy, easy to cook, and fun to eat. It was meant to correct his inadequate intake of total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega 3'
When clients temporarily eliminate cow dairy, they often have an inadequate calcium intake for 2-3 weeks. If they choose to avoid dairy long-term, we have them fix this dietary insufficiency with supplements or other calcium-rich foods like tofu, salmon, and even fortified orange juice. As you can see, Thomas’ plan allowed him to get 40 grams of fiber, 6 grams of omega 3’s, and all amino acids, vitamins, and minerals daily except calcium.
Supplements
Betaine HCl was given at meals to improve digestion and increase the chances that Thomas would fully digest proteins, which can help to improve food sensitivity symptoms.
Histamine Block: 1-2 capsules, once / day before meals, to provide DAO to optimize the digestion of any histamine in the diet. DAO is diamine oxidase, which helps degrade histamine in the gastrointestinal tract.
Natural D-Hist is taken three times a day away from meals to reduce possible histamine reactions to pollen and environmental allergens. D-Hist contains quercetin, a mast cell stabilizer that helps to reduce allergic symptoms. It also includes nettles, which can improve seasonal allergy symptoms.
Once daily multivitamin that contained vitamins A-K, folate biotin, choline, iodine, zinc, selenium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, boron, inositol, CoQ10, Alpha lipoic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene.
Vitamin D3 125mcg (5,000IU) once daily with a meal. Vitamin D adequacy is linked with better control of allergic and histamine-related disorders.
Liver detox complex that contained N-acetyl cysteine and milk thistle to help promote liver detoxification of histamine and other waste products.
B6 1 capsule, once / a day in the morning. B6 is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies and is needed to make adrenaline. I suspected that due to years of poor sleep, Thomas may have had adrenal fatigue and wanted to support this system as he healed. He also under-consumed this nutrient on his initial intake, so I wanted to make sure we helped him optimize his intake of it.
Gaba Ease 1-3 caps per night. This product contains Gaba, a calming neurotransmitter, and some gentle nervine (relaxing) herbs like passionflower and skullcap. This was prescribed to help improve Thomas’s sleep quality until we could get him evaluated by a sleep specialist.
Follow-Up Nutrient Analysis After Individualized Program
Now, what we prescribe is not always what people do! This is why we track nutrient intake over time dynamically with many of our clients to ensure we have a true and accurate picture of what they’re consuming.
The nutrient analysis below reveals that Thomas has met >90% RDI for these nutrients except potassium, calcium, magnesium, and carbohydrates each day for the past year. This does not include many of his supplements, which were designed to fill these gaps in addition to his diet. This is a significant improvement from where he started, and - most importantly - this is a sustainable way for Thomas to eat and live.
Follow-up nutrient analysis table: intake of total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
Results from a Functional Medicine Treatment Program
Thomas responded remarkably well to his natural medicine protocol to resolve seasonal allergies and fatigue.
The natural antihistamine protocol we prescribed, including DAO, DHist, liver detox formula, multivitamin, and a nutrient-replete, high fiber, low histamine diet, allowed Thomas to stabilize his seasonal allergy symptoms within a few weeks. He no longer takes medication and is now symptom-free!
Our elimination/challenge protocol allowed Thomas to discover that eggs were causing his symptoms of intense fatigue. Undiagnosed food sensitivities can cause various reactions, including brain fog and extreme fatigue. As long as he avoids eggs, he no longer gets the fatigue attacks he initially presented with.
Thomas still uses the liver detox formula on days he drinks to help his liver metabolize histamine and alcohol, takes a multivitamin, and practices allergy and food/beverage histamine hygiene. As a result, he has total control over his symptoms and is now empowered to thrive.
Summary
In this case, Thomas used a combination of a food-as-medicine plan, good nutrition, and supplementation to eliminate his seasonal allergy symptoms, discontinue his medications, and eliminate his episodes of fatigue. He was able to discontinue four common allergy medications (Allegra, Mucinex, Azelastine, and Flonase) and is still symptom-free. We hope his story inspires you to know that you and your loved ones can address seasonal allergies naturally, too and encourages you to explore food sensitivity testing if you have similar symptoms.
*Note: The clients' name has been changed to protect his privacy. All other details are the same!
Seasonal allergies affect over 20 million people in the United States each year. With symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and rashes, it's no wonder Americans spend billions of dollars annually on over-the-counter and prescription treatments for them.
Seasonal allergies can put a damper on outdoor plans and even make entire months of the year unenjoyable for those experiencing them.
Luckily, a Functional Medicine approach to seasonal allergy relief may be effective, safe, and cost-efficient, even if what you've tried before hasn't worked. If you're looking for proof that addressing the root cause of seasonal allergies can be beneficial, you'll definitely want to read Thomas's story below!
[signup]
CC: Seasonal Allergies and Severe Fatigue
Thomas is a 57-year-old cis male who initially presented to our clinic for help with severe episodes of fatigue that had developed suddenly over the past month. He also had a long history of seasonal allergies, for which he took four medications (Allegra, Mucinex, Azelastine, and Flonase) daily.
Patient Background
Thomas was a CEO who came to see us because his fatigue symptoms were interfering with his work and home life, and he hadn't been able to find answers. These attacks happened at random times of the day and were seemingly unrelated to physical activity, water or food intake, or sleep. Over the past month, Thomas had begun experiencing what he felt were episodes of hypoglycemia. Seemingly out of nowhere, he'd feel shaky, weak, exhausted, and have to lie down. The only thing that could help him feel better during these episodes was lying flat and ingesting some form of sugar, like juice. Understandably, Thomas assumed that blood sugar was the issue, but strangely, an extensive amount of workup suggested his blood sugar was actually normal throughout these episodes. The other common causes of this type of rapid onset fatigue - hypotension (or low blood pressure) and acute dehydration - had also been ruled out. Thomas and his doctor felt stuck.
Thomas came to our clinic looking for answers. What was happening to him? And why? How could he manage these attacks?
Thomas's seasonal allergies were severe but understandably a secondary issue when he initially presented to our clinic, given the acute nature of his fatigue attacks. Since he reported them in his intake, we decided we wanted to address those, too. In fact, his seasonal allergies gave us an important clue that eventually enabled us to better understand his case of fatigue.
Additional Background
Thomas' family ate a whole foods diet, and he exercised regularly. His wellness routine included adequate sleep time, relaxation, and stress reduction. Thomas had a history of Lyme disease, kidney injury, and bronchitis, but these conditions were resolved and hadn't affected him in years. Aside from his four allergy medications, he took no other medications daily. Thomas' fatigue was a medical mystery, but thankfully, we were able to gain insights into this case using clues from his intake and the nutrient analysis, dietary recall, and lab work you'll see below.
Nutrient Analysis
At his intake, the nutrient analysis of Thomas's typical diet revealed that he tended to consume inadequate total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, omega 3's, fiber, and most vitamins and several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and potassium each day. Additionally, Thomas consumed an abundance of highly allergenic and high histamine foods, drank alcohol approximately two days per week, including beer and wine, and ate out frequently at restaurants for meals.
Nutrient analysis table. It lists the calories, macronutrients (carbs, fat, protein), vitamins, and minerals in a serving of food.
Laboratory Workup Ordered At Initial Visit
Thomas's primary care had already ordered a preliminary workup before he came to see us, which included a CBC, CMP, Lipid panel, Thyroid panel, HbA1c, Lyme disease screen, DHEA, and Testosterone, all of which were within normal limits.
We ordered food sensitivity testing through RUPA labs and referred Thomas to an allergist to be evaluated for food and environmental allergies. Additionally, we began monitoring his sleep using an Oura ring to track deep, light, and REM sleep to gain more insight into his recovery.
Lab Analysis
Allergies
Thomas's allergist did a wide variety of testing and found no positive results for IgE food allergies. His environmental allergen reactivity levels were mild, despite significant symptoms.
Thomas's allergist suggested that he attempt to temporarily discontinue his medications to see what his baseline symptoms were since he had not had a significant period without taking them in years. She felt confident that the more natural antihistamine protocol we'd suggested for him (below) might be helpful.
Thomas' allergist also screened him for tryptase, which was within normal limits. Tryptase is an enzyme released from mast cells during an allergic reaction. It can be elevated if the person is having an allergic reaction at the time of the blood draw, but more than 50% of the time comes back normal - even when a person is having histamine-related issues.
As a result, many functional medicine doctors consider histamine issues based on symptoms (rashes, hives, urticaria, unstable blood pressure, tachycardia, diarrhea, hypotension, fatigue, itching, and more, particularly when triggered by exposure to an allergen) rather than solely relying on blood tests results. Thomas's allergist explained this to him and suggested that she still thought allergies were playing a role in his symptoms, even though his tests were inconclusive. That led us to the allergy/histamine protocol that ended up helping Thomas manage his allergy symptoms.
Food Sensitivity Results
Thomas had two significant IgG and IgA food reactions to cow's dairy and chicken and duck eggs. Significant food reactions are always interpreted within the context of the client's symptoms, diet, and more.
In Thomas' case, we could reliably assume that any class III or above IgG reactions or IgA reactions above class I were worth investigating, as he only has two of these. In general, I only have clients eliminate the foods they're reacting to above a class II.
Sleep
Thomas’s sleep tracking revealed that he was waking up over twenty times per night. We sent him for a sleep evaluation and suggested supplements to help him get more restful sleep pending those results, which we are still waiting for due to long waits for specialists in our area.
Discussion: Clinical Picture at Start of Protocol
I suspected that Thomas’ symptoms were likely due to the combination of poor histamine tolerance, food sensitivities, and years of poor sleep from his adrenal fatigue. I also expected that several nutrient deficiencies were contributing to both symptoms and that if we could support him with nutrients, decrease histamine exposure and production, and remove triggering foods, he might experience improvement.
This is particularly true because many of the nutrients he tended to under-consume are required for phase I and phase II liver detox and optimal liver health, which is needed to break down histamines in the blood fully. You’ll notice that many of these nutrients are amino acids and vitamins, which Thomas did not consume enough of routinely through his diet and was not supplementing.
Interventions
To help Thomas manage his symptoms, we did the following:
Nutrition
My team and I worked with Thomas to create a customized food-as-medicine meal plan that allowed him to
Reduce the glycemic index of his diet by increasing protein. Thomas presented with the strong feeling that blood sugar was playing a role in his symptoms, so we provided education on blood sugar physiology and worked with him to build a low-glycemic diet.
Temporarily swap cow dairy for non-cow dairy products like cashew or almond milk.
Thomas was eating eggs frequently when he first came in to see us. We temporarily gave him other options for breakfast and baked goods and advised him to eliminate eggs for several weeks so we could see how he felt after reintroducing them.
Increased fiber intake by adding more nuts and seeds to his diet and an additional serving of fruit. Evidence suggests that increasing fiber intake can support a healthy immune response.
Increased servings of salmon each week and added a vitamin D-containing multivitamin to ensure adequate vitamin D intake since it’s known to play a role in supporting immune function.
Limited high histamine foods and beverages like beer, fermented foods, and leftovers.
Importantly, this plan had enough treats and good foods to be truly sustainable for Thomas so he wouldn’t feel deprived. Here’s what it looked like! The hidden science behind this is that the combined foods provide 100% RDI of nutrients each day while still being fun / easy to eat. Every person’s plan looks different in our practice depending on their unique lifestyle and preferences.
Thomas's individualized nutrition plan was designed to be healthy, easy to cook, and fun to eat. It was meant to correct his inadequate intake of total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega 3'
When clients temporarily eliminate cow dairy, they often have an inadequate calcium intake for 2-3 weeks. If they choose to avoid dairy long-term, we have them address this dietary insufficiency with supplements or other calcium-rich foods like tofu, salmon, and even fortified orange juice. As you can see, Thomas’ plan allowed him to get 40 grams of fiber, 6 grams of omega 3’s, and all amino acids, vitamins, and minerals daily except calcium.
Supplements
Betaine HCl was given at meals to support digestion and increase the chances that Thomas would fully digest proteins, which can help to manage food sensitivity symptoms.
Histamine Block: 1-2 capsules, once / day before meals, to provide DAO to support the digestion of any histamine in the diet. DAO is diamine oxidase, which helps degrade histamine in the gastrointestinal tract.
Natural D-Hist is taken three times a day away from meals to support the management of possible histamine reactions to pollen and environmental allergens. D-Hist contains quercetin, a mast cell stabilizer that helps to manage allergic symptoms. It also includes nettles, which can support seasonal allergy symptom management.
Once daily multivitamin that contained vitamins A-K, folate biotin, choline, iodine, zinc, selenium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, boron, inositol, CoQ10, Alpha lipoic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene.
Vitamin D3 125mcg (5,000IU) once daily with a meal. Vitamin D adequacy is linked with better management of allergic and histamine-related disorders.
Liver detox complex that contained N-acetyl cysteine and milk thistle to help support liver detoxification of histamine and other waste products.
B6 1 capsule, once / a day in the morning. B6 is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies and is needed to make adrenaline. I suspected that due to years of poor sleep, Thomas may have had adrenal fatigue and wanted to support this system as he healed. He also under-consumed this nutrient on his initial intake, so I wanted to make sure we helped him optimize his intake of it.
Gaba Ease 1-3 caps per night. This product contains Gaba, a calming neurotransmitter, and some gentle nervine (relaxing) herbs like passionflower and skullcap. This was suggested to help improve Thomas’s sleep quality until we could get him evaluated by a sleep specialist.
Follow-Up Nutrient Analysis After Individualized Program
Now, what we suggest is not always what people do! This is why we track nutrient intake over time dynamically with many of our clients to ensure we have a true and accurate picture of what they’re consuming.
The nutrient analysis below reveals that Thomas has met >90% RDI for these nutrients except potassium, calcium, magnesium, and carbohydrates each day for the past year. This does not include many of his supplements, which were designed to fill these gaps in addition to his diet. This is a significant improvement from where he started, and - most importantly - this is a sustainable way for Thomas to eat and live.
Follow-up nutrient analysis table: intake of total energy, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
Results from a Functional Medicine Treatment Program
Thomas responded remarkably well to his natural medicine protocol to manage seasonal allergies and fatigue.
The natural antihistamine protocol we suggested, including DAO, DHist, liver detox formula, multivitamin, and a nutrient-replete, high fiber, low histamine diet, allowed Thomas to manage his seasonal allergy symptoms within a few weeks. He no longer takes medication and is now symptom-free!
Our elimination/challenge protocol allowed Thomas to discover that eggs were contributing to his symptoms of intense fatigue. Undiagnosed food sensitivities can cause various reactions, including brain fog and extreme fatigue. As long as he avoids eggs, he no longer gets the fatigue attacks he initially presented with.
Thomas still uses the liver detox formula on days he drinks to help his liver metabolize histamine and alcohol, takes a multivitamin, and practices allergy and food/beverage histamine hygiene. As a result, he has total control over his symptoms and is now empowered to thrive.
Summary
In this case, Thomas used a combination of a food-as-medicine plan, good nutrition, and supplementation to manage his seasonal allergy symptoms, discontinue his medications, and manage his episodes of fatigue. He was able to discontinue four common allergy medications (Allegra, Mucinex, Azelastine, and Flonase) and is still symptom-free. We hope his story inspires you to know that you and your loved ones can explore natural ways to address seasonal allergies, too, and encourages you to consider food sensitivity testing if you have similar symptoms.
*Note: The clients' name has been changed to protect his privacy. All other details are the same!
The information in this article is designed for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting a doctor. Consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website.
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AchooAllergy - Allergy Relief & Environmental Control Products | Achoo! Blog. Achooallergy.com. Published 2019. Accessed June 30, 2022. https://www.achooallergy.com/
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Kim SY, Sim S, Park B, Kim JH, Choi HG. High-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets Are Associated with Allergic Rhinitis But Not Asthma or Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Dileepan KN, ed. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(2):e0150202. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150202
Folkerts J, Stadhouders R, Redegeld FA, et al. Effect of Dietary Fiber and Metabolites on Mast Cell Activation and Mast Cell-Associated Diseases. Frontiers in Immunology. 2018;9. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01067
Kivit S, Saeland E, Kraneveld AD, et al. Galectin-9 induced by dietary synbiotics is involved in suppression of allergic symptoms in mice and humans. Allergy. 2012;67(3):343-352. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02771.x
Hogenkamp A, Knippels LM, Garssen J, van Esch BC. Supplementation of Mice with Specific Nondigestible Oligosaccharides during Pregnancy or Lactation Leads to Diminished Sensitization and Allergy in the Female Offspring. The Journal of Nutrition. 2015;145(5):996-1002. doi:10.3945/jn.115.210401
Aldini G, Altomare A, Baron G, et al. N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: the reasons why. Free Radical Research. 2018;52(7):751-762. doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1468564
Jorge-Aarón RM, Rosa-Ester MP. N-acetylcysteine as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Future Microbiology. 2020;15(11):959-962. doi:10.2217/fmb-2020-0074
Weng Z, Zhang B, Asadi S, et al. Quercetin Is More Effective than Cromolyn in Blocking Human Mast Cell Cytokine Release and Inhibits Contact Dermatitis and Photosensitivity in Humans. Taube C, ed. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e33805. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033805
Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Skrovankova S, Sochor J. Quercetin and Its Anti-Allergic Immune Response. Molecules. 2016;21(5):623. doi:10.3390/molecules21050623
Larsson SC, Håkansson N, Wolk A. Dietary Cysteine and Other Amino Acids and Stroke Incidence in Women. Stroke. 2015;46(4):922-926. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.008022
Schapowal A. Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ. 2002;324(7330):144-144. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.144
Luo C, Peng S, Li M, Ao X, Liu Z. The Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.848279
Ng DK, Chow P, Ming S, et al. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Childhood Persistent Allergic Rhinitis. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1242-1247. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0744
Husemoen LLN, Toft U, Fenger M, Jørgensen T, Johansen N, Linneberg A. The association between atopy and factors influencing folate metabolism: is low folate status causally related to the development of atopy? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2006;35(4):954-961. doi:10.1093/ije/dyl094
Lin RY, Schwartz LB, Curry A, et al. Histamine and tryptase levels in patients with acute allergic reactions: An emergency department–based study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000;106(1):65-71. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.107600
Rojas M, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Monsalve DM, et al. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2018;95:100-123. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.012
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